Assessment of Genotoxicity in Lymphocytes of Active and Passive Cigarette Smokers Attenuated with Green Tea

The aim of this study was to find out the incidence of anemia in pregnant women of Swat District; to analyze the iron variations and its dietary effects.Data were collected during the periods of January – September 2016. The study of samples comprised of 250 pregnant women in the different trimester. Blood sample from each woman was collected and full blood count (FBC) was conducted through Mindray BC-3000 plus hem analyzer for all pregnant individuals. Confirmed anemic cases were then examined for IDA with serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) through Randox kit and serum transferrin saturation was estimated by formula (serum ferritin saturation =serum iron ×100/TIBC). The total number of participants in the first trimester were 50, among them 26 women were suffer from iron deficiency anemia (IDA) with 52% weightage of prevalence rate, (mean Hb concentration 9.602 ± 0.87 g/dl). The rates of IDA were 63.3%; ( mean Hb concentration 8.48 ± 1.24 g/dl) and 54%; ( mean Hb concentration 9.18 ± 1.28 g/dl), among 150 and 50 participants in the second and third trimester, respectively. A significant correlation was found between serum ferritin and Hb, serum ferritin against MCV and serum ferritin against MCH. The high prevalence of anemia was found 78.2% in the age group from 26-30 followed by 78.2% in the age group 36-40 years compared to those of other age groups in the second trimester. In this study the prevalence of IDA in third trimester is lower compared to first and second trimester.

Background: Neck masses whether benign or malignant are abnormal growths or lumps that develop in the neck area, and are a common clinical concern. Organized and accurate diagnostic methods are essential for their proper evaluation and management. Aim: This study was conducted to determine the types of neck masses and their association with multiple neck-related diseases using various diagnostic tools among patients belonging to District Lower Dir, Pakistan. Methodology: A comprehensive evaluation of neck masses was conducted in 242 patients including males and females of different ages by using physical examination, ultrasonography, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), gene Xpert, and ultrasound-guided FNAC (USG-FNAC) analyses. Results: Among total patients, 50.41% were males while 49.58% were females. Furthermore, acute, sub-acute, and chronic neck masses were observed in patients 10-70 years old. The ages of 30.5% patients were 10-20 years old, 48.3% were 21-40 years and 21% were 41-70 years old, reported with neck masses. Abscesses and benign thyroid diseases were more common in the 21-40 years age group. However, metastatic squamous carcinoma was predominantly detected in patients from 41-70 years. Furthermore, malignancies were more frequent in patients over 50 years, whereas neck masses in younger patients were typically non-malignant. The patients diagnosed with neck mass through physical examination, ultrasonography, FNAC, Gene Xpert and USG-FNAC were 24.79, 28.09, 22.31, 14.87, and 9.92%, respectively. Among physically diagnosed patients, further neck mass-related diseases were detected as a dermoid cyst (25%), preauricular sinus (11.66%), cervical lymphadenitis (25%), hematoma pinna ear (11.66%), seroma pinna ear (5%), thyroiditis (10%) and lipoma (11.66%). In addition, diseases like thyroglossal duct cysts (14.70%), abscesses (70.58%), pharyngeal pouch (1.47%), bronchial cysts (10.29%) and Ludwig angina (2.94%) were identified with ultrasonography. The patients diagnosed with FNAC have benign thyroid diseases (42.22%), pleomorphic adenoma (16.66%), cystic hygroma (1.11%) and cervical tuberculosis (40%). Similarly, the patients diagnosed with USG-FNAC have medullary thyroid carcinoma (25%), metastatic squamous carcinoma (33.33%), papillary thyroid carcinoma (8.33%), lymphoma (29.16%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (4.16%). Conclusion: Our findings highlight the age-related incidence of malignancies in neck masses in the local population of the Dir district. Additionally, ultrasound-guided FNAC emerged as the most sensitive diagnostic method for evaluating neck masses.

Background: The testicular cancer is one of the most common types of malignancies in young adult men, and cause infertility and hormonal disproportions which remains a major concern in the male reproductive health. Aim: The current research aimed to assess the carcinogenic effect of DEN (Diethylnitrosamine) and to determine the protective effect of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against DEN-induced damage in gonadal tissues of male rats. Materials & Methods: Twenty male albino rats were divided randomly into four experimental groups, including Control, DEN, DEN+AgNPs, and AgNPs. Animals were sacrificed after five weeks of treatment and the alterations in the body weight, hormonal profile, histopathology, genomic DNA and apoptosis related molecules were observed. Results: A significant reduction in the body weight and a marked increase in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone were observed in DEN-treated rats. Furthermore, degeneration of germinal epithelium, necrosis and fibrotic seminiferous tubules were found in the DEN group. AgNPs co-treatment showed recovery in body weight, attenuation of the histopathological damage and improved the gonadal architecture. A significant decline in the expression level of p53, DR5 and caspase-9 was noted while AgNPs co-administration reversed the pro-apoptotic gene levels. Conclusion: Altogether, AgNPs have a protective effects against DEN-induced toxicity in the gonadal tissues in male rats. Furthermore, these results showed that AgNPs can be considered as a therapeutic agent against testicular carcinogenesis.

Salmonella Gallinarum causative agent of chicken typhoid, causes severe loss in poultry with multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains reducing antibiotic effectiveness. Bacteriophage therapy represents a promising alternative strategy for combating multidrug-resistant infections. This study aimed on isolating and characterizing bacteriophages against S. Gallinarum (S2) and evaluating their antimicrobial potential. The Bacteriophages were isolated from Ayub Medical Complex Hospital, Abbottabad, DHQ Hospital, Abbottabad and Butt Pull Water Canal in Mansehra. Their host specificity, temperature and pH stability, and antimicrobial activity were assessed. The isolated Bacteriophages SGP009, SGP004, and SGP007 formed clear lytic plaques, showed resistance to pH 2.0 for one hour, and optimal stability at pH 6–9 and 3–6, with temperature stability at 4 °C, 50 °C, and 37 °C, respectively. These bacteriophages demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against S. Gallinarum for up to 28 h without inducing resistant mutants. The isolated Bacteriophages SGP009, SGP004, and SGP007 specifically infected and lysed S. Gallinarum isolates without impacting other bacterial genera exhibiting strong, specific, and stable antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella Gallinarum highlighting their potential as effective targeted biocontrol agents. Graphical abstract