Jamu is an Indonesia herbal medicine made from natural materials such as roots, leaves, fruits, and animals. The purpose of this research is to develop a classification system for jamu efficacy based on the composition of plants using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and to implement the k-means clustering algorithm as a feature selection method. The result of this study was compared to the previous research that using SVM method without feature selection. This study used variances to evaluate the results of clustering. The total of 3138 data herbs and 465 plant species were grouped into 100 clusters with the variance of 0.0094. The managed group succesfully reduced the data dimension into 3047 of jamu sample and 236 species of herbs and plants as features. The result of SVM classification using feature selection yielded the accuracy of 71.5%.

According to the WHO target product profile for COVID-19 vaccines, the vaccine in development should be indicated for active immunisation in all populations. Therefore, PT Bio Farma developed a candidate vaccine in a subunit protein recombinant platform to help overcome the issue. This trial was an observer-blind, randomised, prospective intervention study. This study targeted individuals who had received complete primary doses of the authorised/approved COVID-19 vaccine. The groups were divided into the primary inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac^®) group, the primary viral vector vaccine (ChAdOx1) group, and the primary mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2) group that received the recombinant protein (IndoVac^®). The groups were compared with the control and primary mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2). The participants enrolled in the study were from two primary care centres in Bandung City and three primary care centres in Denpasar City. A total of 696 participants were enrolled from 1 September to 31 October 2022. The demographic characteristics of the all-vaccine group showed a uniform distribution. The results showed that, compared with the control, the investigational product had inferior effectiveness 14 days after the booster dose was administered. However, 28 days after the booster dose, the investigational product exhibited non-inferior effectiveness compared with the primary groups that received CoronaVac^® (GMR 0.76 (0.57–0.99)) and ChAdOx1 (GMR 0.72 (0.56–59.93)), but the BNT162b2 group (GMR 0.61 (0.39–0.94)) was inferior to the control. At 12 months follow-up after the booster dose, three serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported in three participants, with causality not correlated with the investigated products. Neither AEs of special interest nor severe COVID-19 cases were reported throughout the follow-up period; thus, the IndoVac^® vaccine as a booster was immunogenic and safe. Until the 6-month follow-up after the booster dose, the IndoVac^® vaccine was well tolerated and all reported AEs resolved. This vaccine is registered and can be included in the immunisation programme.

Purpose: Indonesia, a high populous and the second-highest country in epidemicity of hepatitis B in South-East Asia require maintaining its capacity of monovalent hepatitis B production to keep up with both the national immunization program and global needs. To keep the sustainability of the vaccine, a new bulk is needed to be made available. This study aims to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of Bio Farma newly formulated recombinant hepatitis B vaccines, which came from different sources of bulk, compared to the already registered hepatitis B vaccine. Materials and Methods: An experimental, randomized, double-blind, cohort intervention phase II clinical trial was conducted on three recombinant hepatitis B vaccines from different bulk sources, with Bio Farma registered hepatitis B vaccine as the control group. A total of 536 participants around age 10 to 40 years old were thricely vaccinated with twice serological assessments. The subject's safety was monitored for 28 days after each vaccination. Results: Of 536 enrolled participants, 521 finished the vaccination and serology assessments. The investigational products were proven not to be inferior to the control. All vaccines were well tolerated. No differences in rates of local and systemic reactions were seen between the investigational products and control. No serious adverse event was found to be related to the investigational vaccines. Conclusion: Investigational vaccines are shown to be equally immunogenic and safe as the control vaccine.

Adolescents are vulnerable to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections; thus, their antibodies should be maintained above the protective value. This study aimed to evaluate the immune response and safety to the SARS-CoV-2 protein subunit recombinant vaccine (IndoVac^®) as a heterologous booster dose against COVID-19 in Indonesian adolescents. This open-label prospective intervention study enrolled 150 clinically healthy adolescents aged 12–17 years who had received complete primary doses of the CoronaVac^® vaccine from Garuda Primary Care Centres in Bandung City. The result of immunogenicity was presented with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and analyzed with t-tests from 14 days and 3, 6, and 12 months. The neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) (IU/mL) at baseline and 14 days after booster dose were 303.26 and 2661.2, respectively. The geometric mean fold rises (GMFR) at 3, 6, and 12 months after booster dose were 6.67 (5.217–8.536), 3.87 (3.068–4.886), and 2.87 (2.232–3.685), respectively. Both the neutralizing antibody and IgG antibody were markedly higher in the adolescents than in the adults at every timepoint. The incidence rate of adverse effects (AEs) until 28 days after booster dose was 82.7%, with a higher number of local events reported. Most reported solicited AEs were local pain followed by myalgia with mild intensity. Unsolicited AEs varied with each of the incidence rates < 10%, mostly with mild intensity. Adverse events of special interest (AESI) were not observed. At the 12-month follow-up after the booster dose, four serious adverse events (SAEs) not related to investigational products and research procedures were noted. This study showed that IndoVac^® has a favorable immunogenicity and safety profile as a booster in adolescents and that the antibody titer decreases over time.

BACKGROUND The Indonesian Expanded Program of Immunization has implemented tetanus and diphtheria (Td) vaccination to replace the tetanus toxoid vaccine in pregnant women since the year 2016. Td vaccine is administered to protect against diphtheria and tetanus to the mother and her baby as well. This prospective study was conducted to assess the adverse reactions after Td immunization; besides, a retrospective study was conducted to observe the presence of severe local reaction (Arthus reaction), premature birth, and low birth weight history in the medical records of pregnant women who had received Td immunization in the past year. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted in 200 pregnant women. Local reactions and systemic events occurring within 28 days after immunization were recorded in the diary card and were confirmed by the health worker in the follow-up visit. A retrospective study was also conducted to evaluate 750 medical records of pregnant women who had received Td immunization. The study was conducted from September 2017 to January 2018. The study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03383653. RESULTS In 185 pregnant women who completed the study, the most common local reaction was pain, occurring in 33.5% of subjects within 24 hours after vaccination. Fever, other systemic reactions, and serious adverse events were not reported during the observation. In the retrospective study, 647 medical records were validated. No Arthus reaction was observed. The prevalence of premature birth was 1.24%, and that of low birth weight was 2.63%, which were below the normal rates. CONCLUSIONS Td vaccination in pregnant women was safe and well-tolerated.