Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, a commensal opportunistic bacterium predominantly residing in the skin of companion animals, particularly dogs, has the potential to induce skin and soft tissue infections in pets, and zoonotic infections, including catheter-related complications. This study documents four cases of S. pseudintermedius infection or colonization in patients who had close contact with dogs or cats. Identification of the bacterial species was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and antibiotic susceptibility was determined using microdilution assay. DNA was sequenced using Nanopore technology followed by in silico analysis. Three isolates were multidrug resistant, including resistance to methicillin, with one belonging to the prevalent European lineage ST551, and the other two were attributed to a novel multilocus sequence type, ST2672. The remaining isolate was attributed to the novel multilocus sequence type ST2673 and was methicillin susceptible. All four isolates exhibited an array of virulence factors that contributed to colonization, damage to host immune cells, and biofilm formation. All the ST551 isolates included in the comparative analysis displayed clonality within the European continent. The importance of describing zoonotic infections associated with S. pseudintermedius resides in the scarcity of available scientific literature, further accentuated by its heightened resistance profile and potential complications, particularly in the context of catheter-related infections.

Mycoplasma genitalium is an emerging sexually transmitted infection (STI) with increasing antimicrobial resistance, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, clinical characteristics, and antibiotic resistance patterns of M. genitalium among symptomatic MSM and transgender women (TGW) attending a specialized STI clinic in Barcelona, Spain. A retrospective observational study was conducted between January and December 2024. Symptomatic MSM and TGW patients diagnosed with M. genitalium through nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) were included. Macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance mutations were detected using real-time PCR assays. Patients were treated according to European guidelines, with resistance-guided therapy. Among 71 patients with M. genitalium infection, 53.5 % presented with urethritis and 42.3 % with proctitis. Coinfection with other STIs was detected in 35 %, and 29.5 % had a history of recent STI. Alarmingly, 85.9 % of patients carried azithromycin resistance-associated mutations, while 42.3 % showed dual resistance to azithromycin and moxifloxacin. A test of cure (TOC) was performed in 26 patients (36.6 %), with 23.1 % (6/26) of them remaining positive, mainly due to dual resistance. The remaining 45 patients were lost to follow-up, but no relapses were recorded in six months CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of macrolide-resistant M. genitalium among MSM underscores the need for alternative first-line therapeutic strategies, particularly in settings with limited access to resistance testing. Further research is required to optimize treatment regimens and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of routine macrolide susceptibility testing in high-risk populations.

Objective: To analyze trends in resistance to antituberculous drugs over a 31-year period (1991–2022) at a hospital in Barcelona and to identify associated epidemiological determinants. Methods: This study included culture-confirmed tuberculosis cases diagnosed between 1991 and 2022. Drug susceptibility testing was conducted with clinical data from hospital records and epidemiological data from the Barcelona Public Health Agency. The primary outcome was resistance to first-line drugs. A subset of isolates was tested for second-line drugs. Trends were compared between the periods 1991–2000 and 2001–2022, aligning with increased immigration. Factors associated with resistance were examined using multivariate regression analysis. Results: Among the 2448 patients included, tuberculosis cases peaked in the 1990s and subsequently declined, while drug resistance increased. Overall, 12.2% of isolates showed resistance to at least one drug: 8.5% were monoresistant, 2.3% multiresistant, and 1.4% polyresistant. The 2001–2022 period had a higher resistance rate (OR 1.63; 95%CI 1.28–2.09) but lower multiresistance (OR 0.40; 95%CI 0.23–0.69). Resistance among new cases doubled from 6.4% to 12.8%, while rates among previously treated cases remained stable. The predictors of resistance were foreign-born (OR 1.52; 95%CI 1.21–1.91) and previous tuberculosis treatment (OR 2.88; 95%CI 2.17–3.81). A total of 90% of isolates remained susceptible to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. Conclusions: Although tuberculosis incidence has declined over the past three decades, antibiotic resistance has increased, driven by foreign-born and retreatment cases. Ongoing drug susceptibility testing, access to second-line therapies, and targeted public health interventions for high-risk populations are essential to maintain control in low-incidence settings.