Histones are integral components of eukaryotic chromatin and play crucial roles in various aspects of genome function, regulating gene expression and participating in genome replication, repair, and maintenance. The H2A family, a subfamily within histones, has been identified in multiple plant species. However, the characteristics and functions of this family in wheat (Triticum aestivum) remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified 113 TaH2As and categorized them into four groups based on their domain features. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to infer functional similarities of H2A genes in Arabidopsis and wheat. TaH2A members within the same subfamily exhibit high conservation in motifs and exon-intron structures. Chromosomal location and synteny analysis revealed that segmental duplication is a major driving force for TaH2A gene family expansion. Cis-acting elements analysis indicated that TaH2A genes participate in environmental stress response, development and metabolism, hormone response and light response. Additionally, we demonstrated that TaH2A.10 can interact with Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) cysteine-rich protein (CRP) and silencing of TaH2A.10 expression enhanced CWMV infection, while overexpression of TaH2A.10 inhibited CWMV infection. In summary, our study provides a systematic characterization of the TaH2A histone family and lays the foundation for elucidating their functional roles in wheat development and stress responses.