Salinity stress (SS) is a serious abiotic stress and a major constraint to agricultural productivity across the globe. High SS negatively affects plant growth and yield by altering soil physio-chemical properties and plant physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes. The application of micronutrients is considered an important practice to mitigate the adverse effects of SS. Zinc (Zn) is an important nutrient that plays an imperative role in plant growth, and it could also help alleviate the effects of salt stress. Zn application improves seed germination, seedling growth, water uptake, plant water relations, nutrient uptake, and nutrient homeostasis, therefore improving plant performance and saline conditions. Zn application also protects the photosynthetic apparatus from salinity-induced oxidative stress and improves stomata movement, chlorophyll synthesis, carbon fixation, and osmolytes and hormone accumulation. Moreover, Zn application also increases the synthesis of secondary metabolites and the expression of stress responsive genes and stimulates antioxidant activities to counter the toxic effects of salt stress. Therefore, to better understand the role of Zn in plants under SS, we have discussed the various mechanisms by which Zn induces salinity tolerance in plants. We have also identified diverse research gaps that must be filled in future research programs. The present review article will fill the knowledge gaps on the role of Zn in mitigating salinity stress. This review will also help readers to learn more about the role of Zn and will provide new suggestions on how this knowledge can be used to develop salt tolerance in plants by using Zn.

Vegetation porous concrete is a novel material that integrates concrete technology with plant growth, offering excellent engineering applicability and environmental friendliness. This material is mainly utilized in eco-engineering projects such as riverbank protection, architectural greening, and slope protection along roads. This paper systematically reviews the current research progress of vegetation porous concrete by collecting and analyzing the relevant literature from both domestic and international sources. It covers several aspects including the material components of vegetation porous concrete, such as aggregates, cementitious materials, chemical admixtures, and plant species, as well as aspects like mix design, workability, porosity, pH value, mechanical strength, and vegetative performance. Furthermore, the application of vegetation porous concrete in riverbank protection, slope protection along highways, and urban architecture is discussed, along with a prospective outlook on future research directions for vegetation porous concrete.

Deep vertical rotary tillage (DVRT) is an innovative soil tillage technology that has been widely adopted in China and shown significant potential in enhancing soil quality, optimizing water use efficiency, and increasing crop yields across diverse ecological and agronomic conditions. DVRT utilizes a vertical spiral drill bit for deep plowing, which preserves soil structure, reduces soil compaction, and improves water retention, making it particularly effective in regions facing climatic challenges such as drought. This review synthesizes the effects of DVRT on soil’s physical and chemical properties, crop root systems, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency, demonstrating its advantages in promoting robust root development and improving nutrient utilization. Although the technology has been applied successfully across various crops and regions, its nationwide adoption remains limited. This paper emphasizes the need for further research to refine the theoretical framework of DVRT and develop tailored strategies for different local conditions. Additionally, integrating DVRT with other agronomic practices and advancing machinery design, supported by policy measures, is essential for maximizing its benefits. In conclusion, DVRT presents a promising approach for sustainable agriculture in China, contributing to improved soil quality, increased crop yields, and enhanced food security.

A laboratory soil column experiment was first conducted to analyze water movement in latosol of sugarcane field under drip irrigation from single-point source at different emitter discharge rates. Next, a mathematical model of soil water movement under drip irrigation from single-point source was built using Hydrus-3D, which could accurately simulate the shape of the wetted soil volume and the distribution of volumetric water content in the experiment. Further, a Hydrus- 3D model of soil water movement under drip irrigation from double-point source was built and then used to analyze the effects of critical parameters on irrigation uniformity. Results showed that emitter spacing affected irrigation uniformity greatly, but emitter discharge rate did not. According to the irrigation uniformity, project cost and operational management patterns, appropriate drip tape parameters for irrigation of sugarcane in latosol were determined: emitter discharge rate 1.38 L/h, emitter spacing 30 cm, and single-emitter irrigation volume 9.0 L.

Vegetation plays a vital role in the terrestrial ecosystem. Vegetation variations not only result from climatic and environmental change but also feed back to the climate through biogeochemical and biogeophysical processes. Previous studies have mainly focused on the influence of environmental factors on vegetation changes, but the interactions between vegetation and the prevalent environmental factors in the karst areas of southwestern China have been poorly understood. Based on remote sensing data, this study used trend analysis and Granger causality analysis to investigate vegetation trends, the driving factors, and their interactions during the period 2001 to 2021. In summary, we explored how these factors influenced vegetation growth and how vegetation changes fed back to produce ecosystems and environmental variations in southwestern China during this period. The results showed improvements in water conditions as well as a vegetation greening trend in most of the regions of southwestern China, together with a weakening trend of rocky desertification and an increasing trend of vegetation growth during the period. Both terrestrial water storage and vegetation growth in the energy-limited alpine regions are sensitive to temperature. Natural restoration is suggested in this area. Vegetation growth in the karst areas is sensitive to water stress-related variables due to the particular geological and soil characteristics. The bidirectional causality relationship between vegetation greening and the environment factors in many of these areas indicates that the vegetation changes can also significantly affect water balance and conditions. Ecological engineering projects are suggested in this area. The vegetation growth in the SC Basin, HN, HB, GD, and eastern GX is also sensitive to water stress, while these regions are vulnerable to waterlogging. This study helps to improve our understanding of ecosystem management and promote sustainable development in southwestern China.

Retraction Notice: Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Drip Tape Layout for Irrigation of Sugarcane in Latosol