Capsicum annuum L. var. “Chile de árbol” combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and TiO₂-ZnO oxides synthesized at different molar ratios and pH (Ti-Zn A and B 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3) via the sol-gel method was characterized by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC-DAD), and a release profile through mathematical models to explain its behavior. Furthermore, FTIR revealed the presence of PLGA, TiO₂, and ZnO as well as amino group characteristics from oleoresin components, principally alkaloid groups (capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin), as evidenced by HPLC, to identify the presence of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. The UV-Vis spectra showed a slight hypsochromic shift in the PLGA treatments. The release profile demonstrated a higher controllable release in the PLGA treatments than in the double nanoemulsions. Moreover, it is important to note that the effect of NPs influenced the release profile itself, increasing the release when NPs were synthesized at an acidic pH. Therefore, the TiZnOl/PLGA A characteristics suggest that these results have potential for pharmaceutical (as drug carriers) and medical applications.

Annona cherimola is noted for its bioactive compounds, particularly diterpenes called ent-kaurenes, which exhibit various biological activities. This study focused on evaluating the ability of ent-kaurenes from Annona cherimola to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) and topoisomerase (TOP) enzymes. Researchers used solvent-free lipophilic eluates (SFLEs) from the plant in enzymatic assays and a yeast model. The major compounds in SFLE were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and in silico studies explored their inhibition mechanisms. SFLE showed significant inhibition of COX-II (95.44%) and COX-I (75.78%) enzymes and fully inhibited the yeast strain. The effectiveness of inhibition is attributed to the compounds’ structural diversity, lipophilicity, and molecular weight. Two main compounds, kauran-16-ol and isopimaral, were identified, with in silico results suggesting that they inhibit COX-II by blocking peroxidase activity and COX-I by interacting with the membrane-binding region. Additionally, these compounds allosterically and synergistically inhibit TOP-II and potentially sensitize cancer cells by interacting with key amino acids. This research is the first to identify and evaluate kauran-16-ol and isopimaral in silico, suggesting their potential as anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents.