IL-15 is a proinflammatory myokine essential for activating NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and its overexpression has been related to reducing overall survivorship in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Physical exercise has been shown to be safe, feasible, and beneficial in hematological cancers. Exercise requires the activation of muscles that secrete cytokines, such as IL-15, causing immune mobilization. The objective was to compare the outcomes of two training routines on IL-15 and survival prognosis in adult patients diagnosed with ALL. A blind randomized clinical study was carried out where twenty-three peripheral blood samples were obtained pre and postexercise intervention from patients categorized into three types of intervention: the resistance exercise group (REG), the cross-training exercise group (CEG), and the control group (CG). Changes in IL-15 levels during the intervention were not significant in any of the groups (CG p = 0.237, REG p = 0.866, and CEG p = 0.678). However, 87.5% of patients who received an exercise intervention achieved remission, while only 21.73% experienced a relapse. There were no deaths during the study. Although IL-15 level adaptation in the REG and the CG performed similarly, the REG induced a better clinical outcome. Resistance exercises may help improve survival prognosis and reduce relapses in patients with ALL.

Background/Objectives: The prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia has significantly improved with the incorporation of innovative therapies such as immunotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and CAR-T cell-based treatments. Drug resistance, mediated by genes such as ABCB1, has been associated with reduced treatment efficacy in various clinical scenarios. Although measurable residual disease (MRD) is the most reliable tool for monitoring treatment response in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the relationship between ABCB1 expression and MRD remains unclear. Aims: To evaluate the expression of the ABCB1 resistance gene and explore its potential relationship with measurable residual disease. Methods: Prospective cohort where 57 patients with de novo diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia were admitted to the Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga” between 2022 and 2024. Results: A total of 57 patients undergoing chemotherapy-based treatment were included, with a majority being male (n = 30, 52.6%) and a mean age of 32 years (range 18–71 years). Analysis of ABCB1 gene expression revealed that 35.1% (n = 20) had low expression, 40.4% (n = 23) had overexpression, and 24.6% (n = 14) showed absent expression. No statistically significant association was identified between MRD positivity and the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (p = 0.171, 95% CI) or the ABCB1 high-risk group (high or absent expression) (p = 0.538, 95% CI). Conclusions: Although ABCB1 expression remains a valuable tool for understanding drug resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, this study did not identify a significant relationship with MRD. MRD continues to be the most reliable prognostic factor in chemotherapy-based treatments for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, underscoring its importance in personalized medicine.

Background/Objectives: The prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia has changed radically since the incorporation of innovative therapies such as immunotherapy, tyrosine kinase blockers, and CAR-T-based therapy. In lymphoblastic leukemia, both the expression and different types of polymorphisms in resistance proteins (ABCB1), have been associated with greater resistance to drugs from cell lines to clinical different scenarios. Although measurable residual disease is the best tool for monitoring acute lymphoblastic leukemia´s treatment, its association with the ABCB1 gene is still unknown. Aims: to describe the association of the expression of the ABCB1 resistance gene with measurable residual disease. Methods: Prospective cohort where 37 patients with de novo diagnosis of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia were admitted to the Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga” between 2022 and 2024. Results: A total of 57 patients who began chemotherapy-based treatment were studied, the majority were male (n=30, 52.6%), with a mean age of 32 years (range 18 to 71 years). When analyzing the expression of the ABCB1 drug resistance gene, 35.1% (n=20) were considered to have low expression, 40.4% (n=23) overexpressed the gene and 24.6% (n=14) showed absent expression. Association was not identified between MRD positivity with the Philadelphia chromosome (p=0.171, 95% CI) or the ABCB1 group considered high risk (high or absent expression) (p=0.538, 95% CI). Conclusions: In conclusion, identifying drug-resistance genes remains useful for acute leukemias while the treatment remains chemotherapy-based. Nevertheless, in an age of personalized medicine, the determination of MRD is the main prognosis factor that could predict a failure in therapy.