Background: Evidence suggests that aerobic training with blood flow restriction is beneficial for treating fibromyalgia. This study evaluated the feasibility, safety, and effects of an aerobic training program with blood flow restriction for women with fibromyalgia. Methods: Thirty-seven women with fibromyalgia were included, and thirteen with an average age of 59 ± 3, a BMI of 26 ± 3, and who were polymedicated started the intervention period. The intervention group performed aerobic exercise with blood flow restriction using occlusive bands placed in the upper part of the rectus femoris, with a total duration of 14 min of restriction divided into two periods of 7 min with a rest period of 3 min and a total session duration of 17 min. Pressure intensity was measured using the visual pain scale (VAS), scoring 7 out of 10 (n = 7). The non-intervention group performed aerobic exercise without restriction of blood flow for the same periods, rest periods, and total duration of the session (n = 6). The intervention included 2 weekly sessions with 72 h between aerobic walking for 9 weeks. Walking was measured individually using the rating of perceived exertion scale (RPE) with an intensity between 6 and 7 out of 10. Visual and verbal support for the VAS and RPE scale was always provided throughout the sessions supervised by the investigator. Functional capacity was assessed using tests (six-minute walk test, incremental shuttle walk test, knee extension and handgrip test by dynamometer, 30 s chair stand test, and timed up-and-go test). Symptomatology was assessed using questionnaires (Widespread Pain Index, Symptom Severity Score, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory), and blood samples were collected. Results: There were no adverse effects, and only one participant in the intervention group withdrew. Between-group and intragroup differences showed that the intervention group obtained improvements in the functional tests; CST p = 0.005; 6MWT p = 0.011; Handgrip p = 0.002; TUGT p = 0.002 with reduced impact of the disease according to the questionnaires; FIQ Stiffness p = 0.027 compared with the nonintervention group. Biochemical results remained within normal ranges in both groups. Conclusions: Blood flow-restricted aerobic training may be feasible, safe, and more effective than unrestricted aerobic training as a physical exercise prescription tool to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, balance, and stiffness in women with fibromyalgia.

Objective: Heart failure (HF) remains a major global health challenge. We evaluated ten-year trends in clinical profiles, diagnostic/therapeutic management, and outcomes in patients hospitalized for de novo acute heart failure (AHF). Methods: We compared two multicenter cohorts of patients admitted to Internal Medicine departments in Spain for a first episode of HF (excluding acutely decompensated chronic HF): a retrospective cohort (CH-2005; n = 600) and a prospective cohort (CH-2015; n = 180). We assessed clinical characteristics, adherence to guideline-recommended diagnostic testing, discharge treatment, and 12-month outcomes (HF readmissions and all-cause mortality). Results: The patients in CH-2015 showed a markedly higher comorbidity burden (Charlson Comorbidity Index > 2: 90.0% vs. 12.8%, p < 0.001) and higher chronic kidney disease prevalence (17.8% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.01), while mean age was similar (75.0 vs. 73.6 years, p = 0.16). Diagnostic adherence improved with higher echocardiography use (92.2% vs. 66.5%, p < 0.001). Discharge beta-blocker prescriptions increased (50.6% vs. 31.3%, p < 0.001). HF readmissions were higher in CH-2015 at 1 month (35.6% vs. 7.3%, p < 0.001) and 12 months (49.4% vs. 21.2%, p < 0.001). One-year mortality was higher in CH-2015 (22.5% vs. 16.3%, p = 0.07). In the multivariable analyses, the between-cohort difference in mortality was not significant, whereas the higher readmission risk in CH-2015 persisted. Conclusions: Over a decade, de novo AHF admissions shifted toward a more complex, multimorbid phenotype. Despite improved diagnostic testing and small advances in evidence-based therapy, the readmission burden increased, highlighting the need for integrated, post-discharge management strategies in older multimorbid populations.