Background: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the risks of cardiac adverse events in solid tumor patients treated with monotherapy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) or combined therapy of ICIs plus chemotherapy.Methods: Eligible studies were selected through the following databases: PubMed, Embase and clinical trials (https://clinicaltrials.gov.) and included phase III/IV randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving patients with the solid tumor treated with ICIs. The data was analyzed by using Review Manager (version5.3), Stata (version 15.1).Results: Among 2,551 studies, 25 clinical trials including 20,244 patients were qualified for the meta-analysis. Compared with PD-1 inhibitor (nivolumab) or CTLA-4 inhibitor (ipilimumab), PD-1 inhibitor (nivolumab) plus CTLA-4 inhibitor (ipilimumab) combined therapy showed significant increase in grade 5 arrhythmology (OR 3.90, 95% CI: 1.08–14.06, p = 0.603). PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy show significant increase in grades 1–5 myocardial disease (OR 5.09, 95% CI: 1.11–23.32, p = 1.000). Compared with chemotherapy, PD-1 inhibitor (nivolumab) or CTLA-4 inhibitor (ipilimumab), PD-1 inhibitor (nivolumab) plus CTLA-4 inhibitor (ipilimumab) combined therapy show significant increase in grades 1–5 arrhythmology (OR 2.49, 95% CI: 1.30–4.78, p = 0.289).Conclusions: Our meta-analysis demonstrated that PD-1 inhibitor plus CTLA-4 inhibitor can result in a higher risk of grade 5 arrhythmology in comparison with PD-1/CTLA-4 inhibitor alone, and a higher risk of grade 5 arrhythmology in comparison with chemotherapy. PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy treatment could increase the risk of all-grade myocardial disease compared with chemotherapy. However, in most cases, there was no significant increase of risks of cardiovascular toxicity in PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy or PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy compared with chemotherapy alone.

N6‑methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is one of the most common post‑transcriptional modification mechanism in eukaryotes. m6A is involved in almost all stages of the mRNA life cycle, specifically regulating its stability, splicing, export and translation. Methyltransferase‑like 14 (METTL14) is a particularly important m6A methylation ‘writer’ that can recognize RNA substrates. METTL14 has been documented to improve the activity and catalytic efficiency of METTL3. However, as individual proteins they can also regulate different biological processes. Malignancies in the digestive system are some of the most common malignancies found in humans, which are typically associated with poor prognoses with limited clinical solutions. METTL14‑mediated methylation has been implicated in both the potentiation and inhibition of digestive system tumor growth, cell invasion and metastasis, in addition to drug resistance. In the present review, the research progress and regulatory mechanisms of METTL14‑mediated methylation in digestive system malignancies were summarized. In addition, future research directions and the potential for its clinical application were examined.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) -induced adverse events (AEs) have been reported affecting almost all human organs. However, studies about ocular AEs are few. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the risks of ICI-related ophthalmic AEs compare to chemotherapy. Methods: Eligible studies were selected from phase II/III randomized controlled trials investigating ICIs. The data were analyzed by R software and Stata. Results: Odds ratio of treatment-related AE (trAEs) and nonspecific ophthalmic trAEs (NS-trAEs) were lower for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors than chemotherapy (OR 0.44, p < .05; OR 0.28, p < .001; OR 0.18, p < . 05; OR: 0.18, p < .001respectively). Compared with monotherapy, PD-1 plus CTLA-4 inhibitors increased the risks of immune-related AEs (irAEs) (OR 4.52, p < .01); ICIs plus chemotherapy increased the risks of trAEs and irAEs (OR 2.82, p < .001; OR 3.63, p < .05 respectively). Conclusions: PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitors had lower risks of trAEs and NS-trAEs than chemotherapy; Compared with monotherapy, combination therapy had higher risks of ophthalmic trAEs and irAEs. Abbreviation PD-1: programmed cell death protein 1; PD-L1: programmed cell death protein ligand 1; CTLA-4: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; ICI: immune checkpoint inhibitor; AE: adverse event; trAE: treatment-related adverse event;irAE: immune-related adverse events; NS-trAE: nonspecific ophthalmic treatment-related adverse event; RCT: randomized controlled trials; PFS: progression-free survival; OS: overall survival; ORR: objective response rate; MM: melanoma; NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer; SCLC: small cell lung cancer; HNSCC: head-neck squamous cell carcinoma; PICOL: patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome; Versus: VS; Chem: chemotherapy; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; FEM: fixed-effects model; REM: random-effects model; NA: not applicable; MeSH: medical subject heading

Background: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the risk of respiratory adverse effects in patients with solid tumors treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors) in combination with radiation therapy. Methods: We selected eligible studies through the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials (https://clinicaltrials.gov/). The data was analyzed by using Rstudio. Results: Among 3737 studies, 26 clinical trials, including 2670 patients, were qualified for the meta-analysis. We evaluated the incidence rates of adverse respiratory events, including cough, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infections, and others: grades 1–5 cough, 0.176 (95%CI: 0.113–0.274, I2 = 92.36%); grades 1–5 pneumonitis, 0.118 (95%CI: 0.067–0.198, I2 = 88.64%); grades 1–5 upper respiratory tract infection, 0.064 (95%CI: 0.049–0.080, I2 = 0.98%); grades 3–5 cough, 0.050 (95%CI: 0.012–0.204, I2 = 8.90%); grades 3–5 pneumonitis, 0.052 (95%CI: 0.031–0.078, I2 = 83.86%); grades 3–5 upper respiratory tract infection, 0.040 (95%CI: 0.007–0.249, I2 = 45.31%). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis demonstrated that ICI combined with radiotherapy for solid tumors can produce respiratory adverse effects. ICIs combination treatment, a tumor located in the chest, is more likely to cause adverse reactions, and SBRT treatment and synchronous treatment will bring less incidence of adverse reactions. This study provide insights for clinicians to balance the risks of radiotherapy in the course of treating oncology patients.

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. This article aims to review the current research status and trends in PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor immunotherapy. Method: On the basis of the Web of Science Core Collection database, literature on PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor immunotherapy in lung cancer patients was searched and analyzed for all years up to August 5, 2023. Bibliometric techniques were employed, including CiteSpace (6.1.R6), VOSviewer, and the Bibliometrix package in R, to examine publication counts, countries, institutions, authors, journals, cited literature, keywords, and research trends. Results: A total of 1,252 documents were included following the screening process. The analysis revealed that China had the highest number of publications (512), whereas the institution with the most publications was the UDICE French Association of Research Universities Union (193). The journal with the most articles was the Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer (48), and the most prolific author was Zhou Caixun from Tongji University in China (20). Co-citation analysis revealed that Borghaei H’s 2015 article in the New England Journal of Medicine had the highest citation frequency. The clustering results indicated that the most frequently referenced keywords included predictors, treatment monitoring, and hyperprogressive diseases. There is a growing trend toward combination therapies, such as dual immune checkpoint inhibitors, and research into molecular mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment, aimed at enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy and reducing adverse effects. Conclusion: Bibliometric analysis indicates that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are pivotal in lung cancer immunotherapy. Research in this domain focuses on identifying biomarkers within the tumor microenvironment, addressing immune evasion and resistance to maximize efficacy, and mitigating adverse effects.

Background: Anti-tumor immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors induces several immune-related adverse events. Camrelizumab-related isolate abducens neuritis is rare. Case presentation: We report on a 67-year-old man with esophageal cancer who presented with acute-onset isolated right abducens cranial nerve palsy after ten cycles of Camrelizumab treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging examination revealed thickening and post-contrast enhancement at the cisternal segment of the right abducens nerve. The diagnosis was immune-related abducens neuritis caused by Camrelizumab. We put him on oral taper corticoids (methylprednisone) for neuritis treatment without Camrelizumab suspension. One month after treatment, he recovered completely. At the last follow-up, one year after the onset of diplopia, the patient was in good condition without neurological symptom recurrence. Conclusion: Abducens neuritis is a rare immune-related adverse outcome of Camrelizumab. The present case proves the efficacy and safety of using corticoids in the treatment of abducens neuritis.