Background: With the increasing prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes, exploring dietary factors associated with prediabetes and diabetes has become a global health research priority. This study aimed to assess the relationship between dietary decanoic acid (DDA) intake and the risk of diabetes and prediabetes.Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2016 included 11,477 adult participants. DDA intake was assessed through two 24-h dietary recalls and participants were grouped according to the diagnostic criteria for diabetes and prediabetes. Multivariate regression models were applied to analyze the relationship between DDA intake and diabetes and prediabetes, with subgroup analyses conducted to explore potential interactions.Results: Dietary decanoic acid intake was significantly negatively associated with the risk of diabetes. In the fully adjusted model, each 1 g/day increase in DDA intake was associated with a 19% reduction in the odds of developing diabetes from prediabetes (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68–0.96, p = 0.015) and this negative association was more pronounced in individuals with higher education level (P for interaction = 0.006). Compared with the DDA intake ≤0.18 g/day, DDA intake >0.58 g/day is related to reduced risk of progression to diabetes in prediabetic patients. However, the relationship between DDA intake and the risk of prediabetes was not statistically significant in the fully adjusted model (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.84–1.07, p = 0.404).Conclusion: This study found that higher DDA intake may be associated with lower prevalence of diabetes among prediabetic population, and high education level strengthen this relationship.

DEET (N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide) is a widely used insect repellent with potential neurotoxic effects. However, its impact on mental health in the general population remains unclear. This study investigates the association between DEET exposure and depression and sleep disorders, exploring the mediating roles of obesity indicators and serum albumin. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2016 were analyzed. Urinary levels of 3-(diethylaminoformyl) benzoic acid (DCBA), a DEET metabolite, were used as an exposure marker. Depression was defined according to the scores of Patient Health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and sleep disorders were diagnosed according to participants' self-reports. Multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis were employed to assess the associations of DCBA with depression and sleep disorders. Mediating analyses explored the roles of obesity indicators and serum albumin. Subgroup analysis further explored the differences among different populations. Higher DCBA levels were positively associated with depression and sleep disorders. Mediating analysis revealed that body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and serum albumin mediated 11.16%, 12.66%, and 7.04% of the association between DEET exposure and depression, respectively. Subgroup analysis identified increased susceptibility among women and individuals of other races. Sensitivity analysis enhanced the robustness of the results. DEET exposure is associated with an increased risk of depression and sleep disorders, mediated by obesity and liver function indicators. These findings highlight the need for public health measures to reduce DEET exposure and further research into its mechanisms of action on mental health.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is associated with an increased risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). The genetic mechanisms underlying this link are not well understood. We downloaded IBD and AMI-related microarray datasets from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and analyzed using enrichment analysis and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). Machine learning techniques, including LASSO, random forest, and Boruta, were employed to screen for hub genes. These genes were validated through qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Single-cell sequencing was used to confirm findings. Additionally, potential therapeutic targets were identified using the Connectivity Map (CMap) database. Five key hub genes—THBD, FOSB, ADGPR3, IL1R2, and PLAUR—were identified as significantly involved in both IBD and AMI pathogenesis. A diagnostic model for AMI constructed using these hub genes demonstrated high predictive accuracy. Single-cell sequencing analysis and several potential drugs targeting these hub genes were identified, offering new therapeutic avenues. This study highlights the crucial role of FOSB and other hub genes in the comorbidity of IBD and AMI. The findings provide novel insights for early diagnosis and potential therapeutic strategies, emphasizing the importance of further investigation into these genetic links.

Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) has demonstrated significant clinical application potential in the evaluation of vascular-related diseases. Our objective was to explore the impact of NHHR on the progression from prediabetes to diabetes or the regression to normal fasting glucose (NFG). This study utilized data from the first and third waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, involving 2922 participants. Based on the changes in glycemic status during the follow-up period, the outcome variables were categorized into three categories: progression to diabetes, persistence in prediabetes status, or return to NFG. Multivariable logistic regression analyses, restricted cubic spline regression analyses, stratification analyses, and sensitivity analyses were used to assess the effect of NHHR on the development of prediabetes. In a follow-up study spanning approximately three years, we observed that 558 participants (19.1%) returned to normal blood glucose levels, while 514 participants (17.6%) progressed to diabetes. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, we found a linear negative relationship between NHHR and the reversion from prediabetes to NFG [(odds ratio (OR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80–0.98)]. Additionally, NHHR exhibited a linear positive association with the progression from prediabetes to diabetes (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.15–1.41). Stratified analyses revealed no significant interactions between NHHR and the subgroup variables. NHHR is significantly associated with prediabetes development in middle-aged and older adults. Lower NHHR levels increase the likelihood of prediabetes regression, whereas higher NHHR levels elevate the risk of prediabetes progression.