Medicinal plants play an important role in illness control in both animals and people, and they are most widely utilized by native cultures across the world. Rosmarinus officianilis L., popularly known as rosemary, herbaceous perennial plant of the Lamiaceae family, receives much attention due to its therapeutic properties. Various secondary metabolites such as diosmin, rosmarinic acid (RA), luteolin, hispidulin 7-O-glucoside, isoscutellarein 7-O-glucoside, glucuronide, flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenes, and genkwanin are found in its leaves, flowers, roots, and stems. Preclinical research indicates that rosemary extract enhances cognitive functions, neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation, suggesting its use in preventing and managing neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Additionally, rosemary has demonstrated efficacy in regulating the gut-brain axis, aiding gastrointestinal diseases, and minimizing intestinal inflammation. Its antiviral properties, especially concerning influenza A and SARS-CoV-2, highlight its significance in infectious diseases. In dermatology, rosemary helps improve acne due to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. The herb also has a positive impact on bones by stimulating osteoblastic activity and suppressing bone resorption. Rosemary’s multifunctionality is further highlighted by its insecticidal properties and application in nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems. Thus, Rosemary extracts can be formulated as possible candidates to be used in the diet with promising effectiveness at pre-determined doses, preventing toxicity, provided the aspects outlined above. Although their efficacy as medicinal agents is well established, it is preferable to encourage the creation of novel formulations using rosemary extracts. This review complies the updated rosemary broad therapeutic applications, although further clinical research is required to integrate it effectively into medicine and functional products.

Background: Textile industries discharge large quantities of synthetic dyes into aquatic ecosystems, leading to serious environmental and health hazards due to the dyes toxic, carcinogenic, and persistent characteristics. Conventional physicochemical treatment methods are often expensive, inefficient, and environmentally unsustainable, necessitating the development of alternative, eco-friendly approaches for dye removal. This review explores the potential of plant-derived oils, specifically those from Pongamia pinnata and Lagenaria siceraria, as sustainable agents for textile dye degradation. Methods: The review synthesizes existing literature on the taxonomy, phytochemical composition, and functional properties of Pongamia pinnata and Lagenaria siceraria oils, emphasizing their interaction with microbial and enzymatic systems that facilitate dye degradation. Results: Oils from these plants are rich in fatty acids and bioactive phytochemicals that enhance microbial metabolism, enzymatic activity, and adsorption processes, leading to effective decolorization and degradation of complex dye structures such as azo and anthraquinone dyes. Conclusion Pongamia pinnata and Lagenaria siceraria oils exhibit significant potential as natural biostimulants in bioremediation and wastewater treatment. Further studies should focus on optimizing the use of these plant-based resources through integrated biotechnological approaches to achieve large-scale, sustainable dye degradation in textile wastewater management.