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Yongjun Zhang
Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technology of Guangdong Province, School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China

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Journal article
Published: 24 February 2021 in International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
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As results of poor communication quality, human error, electricity theft and other reasons, the obtained power consumption data of consumers from smart meters is incomplete and cannot fully reflect the power consumption of low-voltage distribution network (LVDN), which affects the recognition performance of the existing power-based and current-based consumer phase identification (CPI) methods. To tackle the limitation under incomplete data condition, this paper develops multi-dimensional calibration in CPI based on voltage characteristics in LVDN. Firstly, multi-dimensional correlation characteristics of consumers in LVDN are deduced to provide theoretical foundation, including the correlation characteristics among consumers and that between consumers and low-voltage buses of distribution transformer. Then, multiply CPI processes are designed for different smart meter incomplete ratios to increase the algorithm’s robustness to incomplete data. In which, a consumer clustering method based on correlation characteristics among consumers is developed to decrease the variables in the identification process and a calibration method combined location index and the correlation characteristics among consumers is proposed to correct the phase connectivity of users far away low-voltage buses. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is verified on a real-world LVDN in Guangdong. The comparison analysis between the proposed method and other published methods and the impact of the threshold coefficients on the identification accuracy are also investigated. Further, the application results of the proposed method in pilot LVDNs are presented. The results indicate that the proposed method achieves higher CPI accuracy than other published methods when the obtained power consumption data of consumers is incomplete and has good applicability in practice.

ACS Style

Lai Zhou; Qinhao Li; Yongjun Zhang; Jiachao Chen; Yingqi Yi; Siliang Liu. Consumer phase identification under incomplete data condition with dimensional calibration. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2021, 129, 106851 .

AMA Style

Lai Zhou, Qinhao Li, Yongjun Zhang, Jiachao Chen, Yingqi Yi, Siliang Liu. Consumer phase identification under incomplete data condition with dimensional calibration. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2021; 129 ():106851.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lai Zhou; Qinhao Li; Yongjun Zhang; Jiachao Chen; Yingqi Yi; Siliang Liu. 2021. "Consumer phase identification under incomplete data condition with dimensional calibration." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 129, no. : 106851.

Journal article
Published: 18 April 2020 in International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
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Accurate consumer phase connectivity in low-voltage distribution network (LVDN) plays a key role in maintaining high reliability of electricity supply and good power quality. However, vacant consumers, a lack of connectivity between feeders and consumers, and measurement error increase the difficulty to identify consumer phase connectivity for the existing data analytics methods. To overcome these hurdles, this paper proposes a novel consumer phase identification (CPI) algorithm based on consumer classification, quadratic programming, and probability distribution. Firstly, a consumer classification method based on voltage characteristics among users is proposed to deal with the vacant user problem. Then, a quadratic programming model based on Nodal Current Law is established to identify consumer phase when the network connectivity information between feeders and consumers is lack. Moreover, in order to improve robustness of the proposed phase identification algorithm on measurement error, a Monte Carlo probability distribution model is developed. The proposed algorithm is applied on a real-world LVDN in Guangdong. The comparison analysis between the proposed method and the Mix Integer Programming (MIP) method, and the impact of the variation rate threshold of correlation coefficient on the identification accuracy are also investigated. The results indicate that the proposed method effectively increases CPI accuracy compared with the MIP method when there are vacant users and measurement error of meters in LVDN.

ACS Style

Lai Zhou; Yongjun Zhang; Siliang Liu; Kun Li; Canbing Li; Yingqi Yi; Jie Tang. Consumer phase identification in low-voltage distribution network considering vacant users. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2020, 121, 106079 .

AMA Style

Lai Zhou, Yongjun Zhang, Siliang Liu, Kun Li, Canbing Li, Yingqi Yi, Jie Tang. Consumer phase identification in low-voltage distribution network considering vacant users. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2020; 121 ():106079.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lai Zhou; Yongjun Zhang; Siliang Liu; Kun Li; Canbing Li; Yingqi Yi; Jie Tang. 2020. "Consumer phase identification in low-voltage distribution network considering vacant users." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 121, no. : 106079.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2020 in Applied Sciences
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Due to the diversity and complexity of distribution networks, the classical modular software development method may face the difficulty in modular division, data sharing and collaboration of different specialties. Inspired by the idea of separating the control plane from the data forwarding plane in software-defined networking (SDN), a method of power data virtual plane is proposed in this paper to improve software development efficiency. Layered processing of power data virtual plane is designed to meet the diversity characteristics of intelligent distribution network and the multi-source and heterogeneous characteristics of information. This paper introduces the design idea and implementation process of virtual plane in detail. The main component of the power data virtual plane, power data warehouse and application scheduling are presented. Finally, the performance of the proposed virtual plane method is verified by practical distribution network examples with different communication networks and information.

ACS Style

Zhidong Wang; Yingdong Ni; Zifan Zhang; Gan Wang; Zhifeng Chen; Fengqiang Deng; Zhengbin Pu; Ling Yang; Yongjun Zhang; Ruijue Feng; Lin Guo; Wang; Ni Yingdong; Zhang. Intelligent Distribution Network Information Processing Based on Power Data Virtual Plane. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 736 .

AMA Style

Zhidong Wang, Yingdong Ni, Zifan Zhang, Gan Wang, Zhifeng Chen, Fengqiang Deng, Zhengbin Pu, Ling Yang, Yongjun Zhang, Ruijue Feng, Lin Guo, Wang, Ni Yingdong, Zhang. Intelligent Distribution Network Information Processing Based on Power Data Virtual Plane. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (3):736.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhidong Wang; Yingdong Ni; Zifan Zhang; Gan Wang; Zhifeng Chen; Fengqiang Deng; Zhengbin Pu; Ling Yang; Yongjun Zhang; Ruijue Feng; Lin Guo; Wang; Ni Yingdong; Zhang. 2020. "Intelligent Distribution Network Information Processing Based on Power Data Virtual Plane." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3: 736.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Chinese Journal of Engineering Science
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ACS Style

Jiang Wang; Yongjun Zhang; Licheng Li; Qinhao Li; Jieying Su. Key Technologies and Development Modes of Park Energy Internet in Data Centers. Chinese Journal of Engineering Science 2020, 22, 65 -73.

AMA Style

Jiang Wang, Yongjun Zhang, Licheng Li, Qinhao Li, Jieying Su. Key Technologies and Development Modes of Park Energy Internet in Data Centers. Chinese Journal of Engineering Science. 2020; 22 (4):65-73.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiang Wang; Yongjun Zhang; Licheng Li; Qinhao Li; Jieying Su. 2020. "Key Technologies and Development Modes of Park Energy Internet in Data Centers." Chinese Journal of Engineering Science 22, no. 4: 65-73.

Research article
Published: 11 December 2019 in IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
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As an islanded multi-microgrid (IMMG) receives little support from the main network, it is necessary to develop new dispatch frameworks to fulfil its real-time dispatch requirement. Hence, a decentralised collaborative dispatch framework of IMMG based on multi-agent consensus algorithm is proposed. In the framework, the ttal power command of IMMG can be optimally allocated among all the microgrids (MGs) based on consensus algorithm. Then the power command of each MG can be efficiently allocated among all the dispatchable units based on the proposed priority-based collaborative dispatch strategy. Based on the decentralised collaborative dispatch framework, in order to optimise the planning and operation of dispatchable active power resources (DAPRs), on one hand, a bi-level model that couples the planning and operation problems of an IMMG is established to optimise the configuration of DAPR; on the other hand, more detailed models are proposed for the regulation costs of various dispatchable units, which is an improvement over the existing regulation cost model. By considering the two aspects, the consensus algorithm is embedded in multiple population genetic algorithm to solve the bi-level model. Case studies are conducted on an IMMG consisting of three MGs to examine the effectiveness of the proposed planning and dispatch model.

ACS Style

Zehuai Liu; Yingqi Yi; Jiahao Yang; Wenhu Tang; Yongjun Zhang; Xiaoyu Xie; Tianyao Ji. Optimal planning and operation of dispatchable active power resources for islanded multi‐microgrids under decentralised collaborative dispatch framework. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 2019, 14, 408 -422.

AMA Style

Zehuai Liu, Yingqi Yi, Jiahao Yang, Wenhu Tang, Yongjun Zhang, Xiaoyu Xie, Tianyao Ji. Optimal planning and operation of dispatchable active power resources for islanded multi‐microgrids under decentralised collaborative dispatch framework. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution. 2019; 14 (3):408-422.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zehuai Liu; Yingqi Yi; Jiahao Yang; Wenhu Tang; Yongjun Zhang; Xiaoyu Xie; Tianyao Ji. 2019. "Optimal planning and operation of dispatchable active power resources for islanded multi‐microgrids under decentralised collaborative dispatch framework." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 14, no. 3: 408-422.

Research article
Published: 18 October 2019 in IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
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The development of residential demand response (RDR) programs opens up another perspective for mitigating the problems of voltage magnitude and unbalance limit violation (VMULV) in the low-voltage distribution network (LVDN). Under this background, this study introduces thermostatically controllable appliances (TCAs) including electric water heater (EWH) and air conditioner (AC) to tackle the VMULV problems in LVDN based on the incentive RDR. Firstly, the response characteristics of TCA in LVDN voltage management are analysed. Then, a voltage management model incorporating EWHs and ACs in residents is established as a multi-objective optimisation model that jointly minimises the RDR cost, network loss, and customer dissatisfaction. In this model, the discomfort index associated with hot water and indoor temperature is employed to reflect users' discomfort. The proposed modelling method is examined on a 6-resident network and a 28-resident network in Sweden with considerable unbalanced and distributed generations. Moreover, the impacts on the optimisation result from different objective functions, photovoltaic (PV) penetration levels, and the tolerable temperature ranges set by users are also investigated. The results indicate that the proposed method effectively alleviates voltage amplitude and imbalance limit violation, and improves the capability of LVDN to integrate PV.

ACS Style

Lai Zhou; Yongjun Zhang; Boda Chen; Canbing Li; Xiaoyu Xie; SuChun Fan; Wenhu Tang; Yingqi Yi. Multi‐objective optimisation operation of thermostatically controllable appliances for voltage management in low‐voltage distribution networks. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 2019, 13, 4767 -4777.

AMA Style

Lai Zhou, Yongjun Zhang, Boda Chen, Canbing Li, Xiaoyu Xie, SuChun Fan, Wenhu Tang, Yingqi Yi. Multi‐objective optimisation operation of thermostatically controllable appliances for voltage management in low‐voltage distribution networks. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution. 2019; 13 (21):4767-4777.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lai Zhou; Yongjun Zhang; Boda Chen; Canbing Li; Xiaoyu Xie; SuChun Fan; Wenhu Tang; Yingqi Yi. 2019. "Multi‐objective optimisation operation of thermostatically controllable appliances for voltage management in low‐voltage distribution networks." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 13, no. 21: 4767-4777.

Journal article
Published: 22 April 2019 in Energies
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Battery storage (BS) sizing problems for grid-connected microgrids (GCμGs) commonly use stochastic scenarios to represent uncertain natures of renewable energy and load demand in the GCμG. Though taking a large number of stochastic scenarios into consideration can deliver a relatively accurate optimal result, it can also highly deteriorate the computational efficiency of the sizing problem. To make an accuracy-efficiency trade-off, a computationally efficient optimization method to optimize the BS capacities based on the power exchanging process of the GCμG is proposed in this paper. According to the imbalanced power of the GCμG, this paper investigates the power exchanging process between the GCμG, BS and external grid. Motivated by the BS dynamics, a forward/backward sweep-based energy management scheme is proposed based on the power exchanging process. A heuristic two-level optimization model is developed with sizing BS as the upper-level problem and optimizing the operational cost of the GCμG as the lower-level problem. The lower-level problem is solved by the proposed energy management scheme and the objective function of the upper-level is minimized by the pattern search (PS) algorithm. To validate the accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed method, the numerical results are compared with the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) method. The comparison shows that the proposed method shares similar accuracy but is much more time-efficient than the MILP method.

ACS Style

Ping Liu; Zexiang Cai; Peng Xie; Xiaohua Li; Yongjun Zhang. A Computationally Efficient Optimization Method for Battery Storage in Grid-connected Microgrids Based on a Power Exchanging Process. Energies 2019, 12, 1512 .

AMA Style

Ping Liu, Zexiang Cai, Peng Xie, Xiaohua Li, Yongjun Zhang. A Computationally Efficient Optimization Method for Battery Storage in Grid-connected Microgrids Based on a Power Exchanging Process. Energies. 2019; 12 (8):1512.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ping Liu; Zexiang Cai; Peng Xie; Xiaohua Li; Yongjun Zhang. 2019. "A Computationally Efficient Optimization Method for Battery Storage in Grid-connected Microgrids Based on a Power Exchanging Process." Energies 12, no. 8: 1512.

Research article
Published: 03 April 2019 in IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
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Power-to-gas (P2G) technology opens up another perspective for effective, long-term, large-scale energy storage, so that it can promote large-scale wind power integration. Under this background, this study introduces P2G technology into the economic dispatch model of wind power integrated systems. First, an uncertainty interval model of wind power is built based on the probability distribution of wind power prediction error. Then, considering P2G's function of absorbing surplus wind power and undertaking downward spinning reserve, the factors that influence P2G's ability in enhancing the accommodation of wind power are analysed through theoretical derivation. Consequently, the relationship between the maximum wind power integration and the power delivered to the P2G facilities under a given capacity of P2G can be further understood. Moreover, an economic dispatch model incorporating wind power, P2G facilities and battery energy storage systems is established and a feasible region relaxation algorithm is proposed to deal with the non-smooth functions in the proposed model. Case studies are conducted on a modified IEEE 39-bus system. The results verify the correctness of theoretic analysis and show that the proposed model can help to reduce wind power curtailment and enhance the security and economy of the power system.

ACS Style

Zexing Chen; Yongjun Zhang; Tianyao Ji; Canbing Li; Zhiheng Xu; Zexiang Cai. Economic dispatch model for wind power integrated system considering the dispatchability of power to gas. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 2019, 13, 1535 -1544.

AMA Style

Zexing Chen, Yongjun Zhang, Tianyao Ji, Canbing Li, Zhiheng Xu, Zexiang Cai. Economic dispatch model for wind power integrated system considering the dispatchability of power to gas. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution. 2019; 13 (9):1535-1544.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zexing Chen; Yongjun Zhang; Tianyao Ji; Canbing Li; Zhiheng Xu; Zexiang Cai. 2019. "Economic dispatch model for wind power integrated system considering the dispatchability of power to gas." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 13, no. 9: 1535-1544.

Research article
Published: 02 April 2019 in IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
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With the large-scale access to distributed generation and energy storage (ES), the rapid growth of DC loads, and the development of power electronics technology, the DC distribution network is becoming a new type of high-reliability power supply. Detection and switching control of islanding is important to ensure the stability and robustness of the DC distribution network. In this study, first, for a ‘hand-in-hand’ DC distribution network, an unintentional islanding detection method, which is a combination of the main criterion based on switch status and an auxiliary criterion based on no-current and difference-voltage criteria, is proposed. Second, an unintentional islanding control strategy based on the coordination of the switching strategy of ES controller and DC solid-state transformer is proposed. Finally, the proposed detection and switching control scheme is validated through simulations using the real-time digital simulator platform. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme for the DC distribution network can accurately identify an island, and effectively switch control mode to achieve stable islanding control.

ACS Style

Weiwei Song; Yanfeng Chen; An Wen; Yongjun Zhang; Chengzhi Wei. Detection and switching control scheme of unintentional islanding for ‘hand‐in‐hand’ DC distribution network. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 2019, 13, 1414 -1422.

AMA Style

Weiwei Song, Yanfeng Chen, An Wen, Yongjun Zhang, Chengzhi Wei. Detection and switching control scheme of unintentional islanding for ‘hand‐in‐hand’ DC distribution network. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution. 2019; 13 (8):1414-1422.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weiwei Song; Yanfeng Chen; An Wen; Yongjun Zhang; Chengzhi Wei. 2019. "Detection and switching control scheme of unintentional islanding for ‘hand‐in‐hand’ DC distribution network." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 13, no. 8: 1414-1422.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2019 in Energy
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As an extension of micro-grid, micro-energy system (MES) is one of the important carriers for energy utilization in the future, and using energy prices as a controllable resource is conducive to improving the optimization potential of MES. Firstly, based on the energy hub model, a generic method for modelling the steady-state energy balance equation of MES is proposed. Then, considering the multi-energy substitution effect in the background of multi-energy coupling, the concept of price-based integrated demand response (P-IDR) is introduced. Meanwhile, based on the price elasticity theory and the discrete choice theory, the energy timing transfer characteristics and energy substitution characteristics in P-IDR is modelled. Furthermore, after taking into account the P-IDR, an MINLP model for day-ahead dispatch of MES is built, and a generalized benders decomposition method is used for solution. Case studies are conducted on an MES to verify the effectiveness of the proposed modelling method. The result shows that it is beneficial to improve renewable energy accommodation and reduce the peak and off-peak difference of energy load when the P-IDR is deployed. In addition, consider the energy substitution characteristics can reduce the user's cost on energy purchase and be more in line with the user's rational consumption behaviour.

ACS Style

Zexing Chen; Yongjun Zhang; Wenhu Tang; XiaoMing Lin; QiFeng Li. Generic modelling and optimal day-ahead dispatch of micro-energy system considering the price-based integrated demand response. Energy 2019, 176, 171 -183.

AMA Style

Zexing Chen, Yongjun Zhang, Wenhu Tang, XiaoMing Lin, QiFeng Li. Generic modelling and optimal day-ahead dispatch of micro-energy system considering the price-based integrated demand response. Energy. 2019; 176 ():171-183.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zexing Chen; Yongjun Zhang; Wenhu Tang; XiaoMing Lin; QiFeng Li. 2019. "Generic modelling and optimal day-ahead dispatch of micro-energy system considering the price-based integrated demand response." Energy 176, no. : 171-183.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2019 in Electronics Letters
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When the energy storage battery (ESB) is introduced into the DC microgrid, the DC microgrid can perform demand side management well. To achieve flexible charge and discharge controls of the ESB, the grid-connected device of the ESB needs to have a bidirectional power transmission control function with constant power. Based on this, this Letter first designs circuit topology of bidirectional boost converter for high-power transmission between the ESB and the DC microgrid. Secondly, the control system based on the staggered timing trigger mechanism is developed, and the working process of the converter in the forward and reverse transmission of power is analysed. Finally, the bidirectional boost converter and its control system are verified by real-time digital simulator platform. Simulation results show that the proposed converter and its control system can realise stable high-power bidirectional transmission between the ESB and the DC microgrid, and achieve accurate tracking of the power reference value.

ACS Style

Weiwei Song; Yanfeng Chen; Yongjun Zhang; An Wen; Chengzhi Wei. Bidirectional boost converter for high‐power transmission between energy storage battery and DC microgrid. Electronics Letters 2019, 55, 402 -404.

AMA Style

Weiwei Song, Yanfeng Chen, Yongjun Zhang, An Wen, Chengzhi Wei. Bidirectional boost converter for high‐power transmission between energy storage battery and DC microgrid. Electronics Letters. 2019; 55 (7):402-404.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weiwei Song; Yanfeng Chen; Yongjun Zhang; An Wen; Chengzhi Wei. 2019. "Bidirectional boost converter for high‐power transmission between energy storage battery and DC microgrid." Electronics Letters 55, no. 7: 402-404.

Journal article
Published: 21 March 2018 in Energies
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The structural and optimal operation of an Energy Hub (EH) has a tremendous influence on the hub’s performance and reliability. This paper envisions an innovative methodology that prominently increases the synergy between structural and operational optimization and targets system cost affordability. The generalized energy system structure is presented theoretically with all selective hub sub-modules, including electric heater (EHe) and solar sources block sub-modules. To minimize energy usage cost, an energy hub is proposed that consists of 12 kinds of elements (i.e., energy resources, conversion, and storage functions) and is modeled mathematically in a General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS), which indicates the optimal hub structure’s corresponding elements with binary variables (0, 1). Simulation results contrast with 144 various scenarios established in all 144 categories of hub structures, in which for each scenario the corresponding optimal operation cost is previously calculated. These case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested model and methodology. Finally, avenues for future research are also prospected.

ACS Style

Thanh Tung Ha; Yongjun Zhang; Jinbao Hao; V. V. Thang; Canbing Li; Zexiang Cai. Energy Hub’s Structural and Operational Optimization for Minimal Energy Usage Costs in Energy Systems. Energies 2018, 11, 707 .

AMA Style

Thanh Tung Ha, Yongjun Zhang, Jinbao Hao, V. V. Thang, Canbing Li, Zexiang Cai. Energy Hub’s Structural and Operational Optimization for Minimal Energy Usage Costs in Energy Systems. Energies. 2018; 11 (4):707.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thanh Tung Ha; Yongjun Zhang; Jinbao Hao; V. V. Thang; Canbing Li; Zexiang Cai. 2018. "Energy Hub’s Structural and Operational Optimization for Minimal Energy Usage Costs in Energy Systems." Energies 11, no. 4: 707.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Chinese Journal of Engineering Science
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ACS Style

Zexiang Cai; Licheng Li; Ping Liu; Min Xu; Zexing Chen; Yongjun Zhang; Yongxia Han; Aidong Xu. Application and Development of Energy Big Data. Chinese Journal of Engineering Science 2018, 20, 72 -78.

AMA Style

Zexiang Cai, Licheng Li, Ping Liu, Min Xu, Zexing Chen, Yongjun Zhang, Yongxia Han, Aidong Xu. Application and Development of Energy Big Data. Chinese Journal of Engineering Science. 2018; 20 (2):72-78.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zexiang Cai; Licheng Li; Ping Liu; Min Xu; Zexing Chen; Yongjun Zhang; Yongxia Han; Aidong Xu. 2018. "Application and Development of Energy Big Data." Chinese Journal of Engineering Science 20, no. 2: 72-78.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Chinese Journal of Engineering Science
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ACS Style

Yongjun Zhang; Licheng Li; Zexing Chen; Min Xu; Ping Liu; Zexiang Cai; Yongxia Han; Aidong Xu. Fusion between Internet and Energy System: Morphology and Technology. Chinese Journal of Engineering Science 2018, 20, 79 -85.

AMA Style

Yongjun Zhang, Licheng Li, Zexing Chen, Min Xu, Ping Liu, Zexiang Cai, Yongxia Han, Aidong Xu. Fusion between Internet and Energy System: Morphology and Technology. Chinese Journal of Engineering Science. 2018; 20 (2):79-85.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yongjun Zhang; Licheng Li; Zexing Chen; Min Xu; Ping Liu; Zexiang Cai; Yongxia Han; Aidong Xu. 2018. "Fusion between Internet and Energy System: Morphology and Technology." Chinese Journal of Engineering Science 20, no. 2: 79-85.

Article
Published: 29 December 2017 in Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy
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As power to gas (P2G) technology gradually matures, the coupling between electricity networks and natural gas networks should ideally evolve synergistically. With the intent of characterizing market behaviors of integrated electric power and natural gas networks (IPGNs) with P2G facilities, this paper establishes a steady-state model of P2G and constructs optimal dispatch models of an electricity network and a natural gas network separately. In addition, a concept of slack energy flow (SEF) is proposed as a tool for coordinated optimal dispatch between the two networks. To study how the market pricing mechanism affects coordinated optimal dispatch in an IPGN, a market equilibrium-solving model for an IPGN is constructed according to game theory, with a solution based on the Nikaido-Isoda function. Case studies are conducted on a joint model that combines the modified IEEE 118-node electricity network and the Belgian 20-node gas network. The results show that if the game between an electric power company and a natural gas company reaches market equilibrium, not only can both companies maximize their profits, but also the coordinated operation of the coupling units, i.e., gas turbines and P2G facilities, will contribute more to renewable energy utilization and carbon emission reduction.

ACS Style

Zexing Chen; Yongjun Zhang; Tianyao Ji; Zexiang Cai; Licheng Li; Zhiheng Xu. Coordinated optimal dispatch and market equilibrium of integrated electric power and natural gas networks with P2G embedded. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2017, 6, 495 -508.

AMA Style

Zexing Chen, Yongjun Zhang, Tianyao Ji, Zexiang Cai, Licheng Li, Zhiheng Xu. Coordinated optimal dispatch and market equilibrium of integrated electric power and natural gas networks with P2G embedded. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy. 2017; 6 (3):495-508.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zexing Chen; Yongjun Zhang; Tianyao Ji; Zexiang Cai; Licheng Li; Zhiheng Xu. 2017. "Coordinated optimal dispatch and market equilibrium of integrated electric power and natural gas networks with P2G embedded." Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 6, no. 3: 495-508.

Article
Published: 01 February 2017 in IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
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The integration of distributed wind farm leads to additional fluctuation of power flow in a high-voltage distribution network, which has become a major concern in automatic voltage control. This study proposes a slack optimal control method to determine the tolerance band of gateway reactive power (GRP) which takes into account voltage constraints, energy loss and excessive operations of control devices. Analysis of network characteristics shows that the GRP control band should be set according to both load levels and the outputs of distributed wind farm. Based on the analysis, slack optimal active loss difference strategy is proposed to set the slack optimal band of GRP. A slack optimal band matrix is defined and a partitioning intersection strategy is proposed to implement the differential setting of the slack optimal control band parameters of GRP. Simulation studies are conducted on a practical distribution network in China and the results show that the proposed method performs well in energy saving, control device regulating, voltage profile keeping, and reactive power balancing in a simple and practical way.

ACS Style

Xu Chen; Yingqi Yi; Yongjun Zhang; Qinhao Li; Jianquan Zhu; Zexiang Cai. Approach to setting gateway reactive power control band for distribution networks with wind power. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 2017, 11, 596 -604.

AMA Style

Xu Chen, Yingqi Yi, Yongjun Zhang, Qinhao Li, Jianquan Zhu, Zexiang Cai. Approach to setting gateway reactive power control band for distribution networks with wind power. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution. 2017; 11 (3):596-604.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xu Chen; Yingqi Yi; Yongjun Zhang; Qinhao Li; Jianquan Zhu; Zexiang Cai. 2017. "Approach to setting gateway reactive power control band for distribution networks with wind power." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 11, no. 3: 596-604.