As a clean energy source, hydrogen not only helps to reduce the use of fossil fuels but also promotes the transformation of energy structure and sustainable development. This paper firstly introduces the development status of green hydrogen at home and abroad and then focuses on several advanced green hydrogen production technologies. Then, the advantages and shortcomings of different green hydrogen production technologies are compared. Among them, the future source of hydrogen tends to be electrolysis water hydrogen production. Finally, the challenges and application prospects of the development process of green hydrogen technology are discussed, and green hydrogen is expected to become an important part of realizing sustainable global energy development.

As a pivotal clean energy carrier for achieving carbon neutrality, green hydrogen technology has attracted growing global attention. This review systematically examines four mainstream water electrolysis technologies—alkaline electrolysis, proton exchange membrane electrolysis, solid oxide electrolysis, and anion exchange membrane electrolysis—analyzing their fundamental principles, material challenges, and development trends. It further classifies and compares power electronic converter topologies, including non-isolated and isolated DC–DC converters as well as AC–DC converter architectures, and summarizes advanced control strategies such as dynamic power regulation and fault-tolerant operation aimed at enhancing system efficiency and stability. A holistic “electrolyzer–power converter–control strategy” integration framework is proposed to provide tailored technological solutions for diverse application scenarios. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of green hydrogen across the energy, transportation, and industrial sectors are discussed, underscoring its potential to accelerate the global transition toward a sustainable, low-carbon energy system.

As an important piece of equipment in photovoltaic power generation systems, the bidirectional DC-DC converter plays a vital role in improving the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic power generation system. The energy transfer in PV systems heavily relies on efficient bidirectional DC-DC converters. To ensure stable operation, converters with high reliability and power density are required. This paper introduces the basic principles and topologies of bidirectional DC-DC converters and provides a comparative analysis. And it examines the characteristics of the converters’ control schemes and switching strategies, summarizes the existing research findings and current issues. Finally, it looks ahead to the future development trends of bidirectional DC-DC converters in PV systems.

With the continuous proliferation and development of renewable energy technologies, three-level converters have gained widespread application due to their lower output harmonics and higher output voltage. However, in practical applications, multilevel converters inevitably encounter issues such as common-mode voltage (CMV) and neutral-point voltage (NPV) imbalance, which significantly affect system stability and operational lifespan. This paper investigates the root causes of neutral-point voltage fluctuations and common-mode voltage generation. It provides an analysis and summary of solutions for CMV suppression and NPV balancing, focusing on space vector modulation (SVM) strategies, carrier-based modulation techniques, modulation waveform approaches, and intelligent control methods. Furthermore, the paper explores future development trends, aiming to provide valuable insights for subsequent theoretical research and practical applications.