Purpose: This research aims to study the economic conditions of fishermen living in the coastal area of Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan.Design/methodology/approach: The method used is a descriptive analysis method supported by a participatory planning method. The importance of primary data is to understand deeply the real problems of fishermen in the field, collected by using a survey method such as field observations, in-depth interviews by gathering fishermen and related stakeholders in the area, undertaking forum group discussion, workshop and seminar. Secondary data are necessary to support the primary data analysis.Findings: The results showed that there is an abundance of marine resources, but the economic condition of fishermen is far from expected. The income from fishing is not enough to feed their family's daily needs due to low catching productivity and raw fish selling price. The regency government and province do not have clear and concrete policies to resolve firmly and thoroughly the economic problems of fishermen living in the coastal areas.Research limitations/implications: This study succeeds in providing two breakthrough strategic policies to improve the economic conditions of fishermen, i.e. institutional and entrepreneurial innovations.Practical implications: Both strategic policies have a mutual relationship. Therefore, the implementations have to integrate with one another and be executed simultaneously in a single coastal area management system.Social implications: Bupati as a top policymaker in this region must take full responsibility for the successful implementation of these two strategic policies.Originality/value: Providing new ideas to solve the main problem of fishermen living in the coastal area in Indonesia.

This study aims to determine the impact of macroeconomic variables on bitcoin prices in the United States. Bitcoin is one of the cryptocurrencies that has the highest price and the most users in the United States in recent years. This study uses monthly data on inflation, interest rates, USD/EUR rates, gold prices, and bitcoin prices. To achieve the objectives of this study, Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) and Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (MGARCH) were used. The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between the variables of inflation, interest rates, and USD/EUR rates affecting the price of Bitcoin in that period. Conversely, there is a positive and significant relationship between the price of gold and the price of Bitcoin in the United States during that period. An in-depth understanding of how macroeconomic factors such as inflation, interest rates and the USD/EUR rates affect Bitcoin price is key to making smart investment decisions in an increasingly complex crypto market. The findings of this analysis confirm that the significant relationship between macroeconomic variables and Bitcoin price provides deeper insights for investors to anticipate market movements and design adaptive investment strategies.

Background and Research Aims: Human-orangutan conflicts are a growing problem in the tropical rainforests of Sumatra. Habitat degradation and fragmentation can drive orangutans to move on to agroforestry plantations and into conflict with farmers. This research examines farmers’ awareness of the roles that Tapanuli orangutans play, their attitudes towards orangutans when they come on their land and the broader political-economic factors which influence interactions between smallholders and orangutans. Methods: We used a mixed methods approach of quantitative surveys with 275 farmers and qualitative in-depth interviews with 22 key informants from 11 villages on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. Results: We found that while many farmers had negative encounters with orangutans eating their crops, their responses differed. Some tolerated the orangutans; others chased them away. The difference stemmed from cultural beliefs about orangutans and their relationship to humans. Some communities hold them as neighbours, others fear them, but in both cases would not harm them. Most farmers do not perceive them as significant threats but as hunger-driven neighbours. Rather than blaming the orang-utans per se, they argue that habitat loss caused by expanding extractive activities is the driving factor of this conflict. They want to see limits on the expansion of extractive industry, alternative income sources and compensation for their orangutan losses. Conclusion: The study concludes by highlighting five aspects that need consideration for reducing human-orangutan conflicts and with a broader discussion on the need to include the socio-cultural context of the human populations in conservation initiatives. Implications for Conservation: The study underscores the imperative of integrating local farmers’ perspectives in conserving critically endangered Tapanuli orangutans. It advocates coexistence through crop loss mitigation, deforestation prevention, and compensation strategies, emphasizing the need for holistic, sustainable conservation measures encompassing ecological, social, and economic facets within the region.

This study aims to analyze the impact of news related to Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) on the stock and cryptocurrency markets in the United States. Using the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregression (TVP-VAR) method, this study examines the responses of the S&P 500 index, the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX), Bitcoin trading volume, and Ethereum trading volume to CBDC news from January 2020 to December 2023. The results indicate that CBDC news has a positive effect on stock market prices, but its impact on market volatility is negligible. Furthermore, Bitcoin and Ethereum trading volumes exhibit a declining trend in response to the rapid development of CBDC news. Although CBDC development is still in its early stages, these findings provide insights into the potential influence of CBDC news on financial market behavior, particularly in shaping investor sentiment and digital asset trading patterns. The study suggests that policymakers and investors should closely monitor CBDC developments, as they may gradually affect the financial ecosystem. Future research should further explore the long-term effects of CBDCs on financial market stability and cryptocurrency adoption.

This study aims to examine the perceptions of the people in the city of Padang on the plan to redenominate the rupiah currency and see how the redenomination's impact the economy. The data used are primary by distributing questionnaires to the community according to sub-districts in Padang City, where the data are grouped based on the highest level of education attained. The data analysis method in this research is qualitative by using descriptive analysis of the frequency and descriptive analysis of cross-tabulations (crosstabulation). From the results of this study, it was found that some people did not agree with the redenomination policy because they did not understand this policy. From the results of the crosstabulation descriptive analysis, it can be seen that there is a relationship between the level of education and the perception of the impact of redenomination on the exchange rate and consumption patterns. Meanwhile, there is no relationship between education level and knowledge of redenomination, opinion on redenomination policy, and perceptions about the impact of redenomination on inflation and savings. Keywords: Community perspective, Redenomination, Sanering, Inflation, Exchange rate

Cooperatives have potential to strengthen communities and benefit their members. In developing countries, cooperatives are an important component of economic development plans in the fields of microfinance, agriculture, and fisheries. In agriculture, cooperatives ensure collective bargaining power, sustainable practices, and knowledge sharing. This can support small farmers to marketing their agricultural products globally. This research is motivated by the challenges in achieving sustainable multi-stakeholder collective action aimed at improving the welfare of organic tea farmers in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Specifically, the study seeks to identify a reward system that can promote sustainability within these cooperatives. Using a qualitative research approach and content analysis of in-depth interviews with 12 key informants, we develop a reward system design to foster sustainable collective action in the context of cooperatives, which has not been widely studied before. The research findings highlight the critical role of an appropriate reward system in creating an environment that supports sustainable collective action. This study emphasizes the importance of policy development that align with the interests of all stakeholders involved, as well as the necessity for effective coordination between cooperatives, local governments, and private companies. In addition, the research suggests that the further studies should focus on implementing this reward system on a larger scale and further testing its effectiveness in enhancing the sustainability of collective action through cooperatives.