Background: Obesity and arteriosclerosis are both independently associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Obesity also may increase arterial stiffness.Aims: This study aimed to investigate the association between anthropometric indices and non‐invasive arterial stiffness parameters, using data from a large population‐based cohort of seemingly healthy women and men.Methods: A total of 5023 eligible participants were included in the study. The pulse wave velocity (PWV), central blood pressures, and bio‐impedance measures were obtained at the time of enrollment. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between anthropometric indices with arterial stiffness parameters.Results: The mean age of participants was 45.3 ± 8.8 years, 2368 (47.1%) were males and 2655 (52.8%) were females. The prevalence of participant with underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity were 0.73%, 33.2%, 48.7%, and 17.2% respectively. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fatty liver, and hypertension were significantly higher in overweight/obesity participants. The overweight/obesity participants had significantly higher PWV than the normal‐weight group (471.5 ± 42.6/496.7 ± 47.5 cm/s vs. 448.1 ± 41.4 cm/s, p < 0.001).Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, fatty liver disease, chronic lung disease, and also kidney stones were significantly higher in overweight and individuals with obesity. Body mass index, body fat mass, waist–hip ratio abdominal circumference, neck circumference, visceral fat area, total body water, 50‐kHz whole body phase angle are positively correlated with PWV. Augmentation index had no significant correlation with body mass index, arm, hip, and abdominal circumferences.

Background . BMI has been evaluated as an old criterion to evaluate obesity in individuals, but it does not assess abdominal obesity and lean mass. We aimed to evaluate the possible relationship of new anthropometric indices (namely, a body shape index (ABSI), the body roundness index (BRI), the visceral adiposity index (VAI), the visceral fat area (VFA), and waist‐hip ratio (WHR)), with one of the known critical factors of atherosclerosis, arterial stiffness. Methods . Overall 5921 individuals were enrolled and were divided into four groups according to BMI. Novel anthropometric parameters including, ABSI, BRI, VAI, VFA, and WHR were calculated. The carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cf‐PWV) was used to evaluate arterial stiffness. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between cf‐PWV and innovative Anthropometric indices. Results . This study population consisted of 3109 women and 2812 males. In men with overweight, cf‐PWV was significantly related to BMI, ABSI, BRI, WC, VAI, VFA, and WHR. However, among men with obesity, cf‐PWV was associated with BRI, VAI, and VFA. Among women with overweight, cf‐PWV was also related to all mentioned indices except ABSI; although, cf‐PWV was only associated with VFA and WHR in women with obesity. Conclusion . Our results showed that VFA in women and VAI in men are strongly related to arterial stiffness and can be used to identify predictors of vascular disease or organic vascular dysfunction.

Background: The aim was to establish a 10-year dyslipidemia incidence model, investigating novel anthropometric indices using exploratory regression and data mining. Methods: This data mining study was conducted on people who were diagnosed with dyslipidemia in phase 2 (n = 1097) of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorder (MASHAD) study, who were compared with healthy people in this phase (n = 679). The association of dyslipidemia with several novel anthropometric indices including Conicity Index (C-Index), Body Roundness Index (BRI), Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP), Abdominal Volume Index (AVI), Weight-Adjusted-Waist Index (WWI), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Adiposity Index (BAI) and Body Surface Area (BSA) was evaluated. Logistic Regression (LR) and Decision Tree (DT) analysis were utilized to evaluate the association. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of DT were assessed through the performance of a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve using R software. Results: A total of 1776 subjects without dyslipidemia during phase 1 were followed up in phase 2 and enrolled into the current study. The AUC of models A and B were 0.69 and 0.63 among subjects with dyslipidemia, respectively. VAI has been identified as a significant predictor of dyslipidemias (OR: 2.81, (95% CI: 2.07, 3.81)) in all models. Moreover, the DT showed that VAI followed by BMI and LAP were the most critical variables in predicting dyslipidemia incidence. Conclusions: Based on the results, model A had an acceptable performance for predicting 10 years of dyslipidemia incidence. Furthermore, the VAI, BMI, and LAP were the principal anthropometric factors for predicting dyslipidemia incidence by LR and DT models.

Background. Nowadays, metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a great public health crisis that threatens too many lives worldwide. Many previous studies have been investigated the association between MetS and anthropometric indices. This study is aimed at investigating the association between anthropometric indices with gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). We were using data from a large population‐based cohort of seemingly healthy women and men. Methods. A total of 7216 participants were included in this study. The serum levels of GGT, ALP, ALT, and AST with bioimpedance measures were obtained at the time of enrollment. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between anthropometric indices and serum levels of the aforementioned laboratory tests. Results. Serum levels of GGT, ALP, ALT, and AST significantly correlated with body mass index (BMI). Only ALP had a significant association with visceral fat area (VFA). AST, ALT, and ALP levels had a positive correlation with 50 kHz whole‐body phase. Conclusion. From the findings of this study, body mass index consistently appeared a good predictor of elevated hepatic enzymes and triglycerides. Thus, it can be helpful in clinical settings to identify patients at risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which is closely related to metabolic syndrome.

Background: Time‐restricted feeding (TRF) is a kind of intermittent fasting defined as eating and drinking only during a certain number of hours in a day. It has been suggested that intermittent fasting may improve cardiovascular risk factors. This study evaluated the association of TRF and arterial stiffness, using pulse wave velocity (PWV), pulse wave analysis, and arterial age in metabolic syndrome participants.Methods: A cohort study was carried out among metabolic syndrome adults who were followed over the Ramadan fasting period (used as a model of TRF since food was only allowed for about 8 h/day). The subjects were divided into Ramadan fasting and Ramadan nonfasting groups. The aortic PWV and central aortic pressure waveform were measured. Central systolic pressure, central pulse pressure, and indices of arterial compliance, such as augmentation pressure and augmentation index (AIx), were determined from waveform analysis.Results: Ninety‐five adults (31.57% female, age: 45.46 ± 9.10 years) with metabolic syndrome (based on the International Diabetes Federation definition) participated in this study. Ramadan fasting and Ramadan nonfasting groups were including 80 and 15 individuals respectively. A significant reduction was seen in PWV (0.29 m/s), central systolic pressure (4.03 mmHg), central pulse pressure (2.43 mmHg), central augmentation pressure (1.88 mmHg), and central AIx (2.47) in the Ramadan fasting group (p = 0.014, p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.003, and p = 0.036 respectively). There were no significant changes in these indices among the Ramadan nonfasting group.Conclusions: This study suggested that TRF reduces arterial age and improves arterial stiffness among people with metabolic syndrome. This might be considered a beneficial nutrition strategy for extending healthspan (and perhaps longevity).