A Cu₄L₄square-like molecular container which can be a reusable visual sensor for Ag⁺is reported. The present results can be a useful stepwise approach for the construction of heterometallic supramolecular complexes with potential applications.

Background: We conducted a review of the literature to investigate the clinical presentations and histopathologic findings of laryngeal vascular leiomyomas. Method: We retrospectively analyzed 24 cases of vascular leiomyomas of the larynx. Results: Vascular leiomyoma of the larynx is a very uncommon tumor with only 24 cases reported in the literature. Of the 24 cases, the male/female ratio was 19/5. The patients were from 11 to 78 years old, and nearly half of the patients (11/24) were between the ages of 40 and 60. The tumor occurrence sites varied, with the supraglottic region being most common (14/24), followed by the glottic region (7/24) and the subglottic region (3/24). A common symptom of laryngeal leiomyoma is hoarseness of voice. The tumor is submucosal with dilated vessels on the surface. Histopathologically, the tumor cells are composed of numerous variform blood vessels lacking mitosis and well-differentiated smooth muscle bundles. Complete surgical excision is the most commonly recommended treatment. Conclusions: Vascular leiomyoma is a benign tumor. External incision effectively prevents hemorrhage during the operation and recurrence after the operation. A smaller, well-circumscribed laryngeal vascular leiomyoma may be easily amenable to transoral laser resection. Preoperative embolization can be potentially used to benefit the laryngeal transoral resection.

The need of data owners for privacy protection has given rise to collaborative learning, and data-related issues heterogeneity faced by federated learning has further given rise to clustered federated learning; whereas the traditional privacy-preserving scheme of federated learning using homomorphic encryption alone fails to fulfill the privacy protection demands of clustered federated learning. To address these issues, this research provides an effective and safeguarded answer for sharing homomorphic encryption keys among clusters in clustered federated learning grounded in conditional representative broadcast re-encryption. This method constructs a key sharing mechanism. By combining the functions of the bilinear pairwise accumulator and specific conditional proxy broadcast re-ciphering, the mechanism can verify the integrity of homomorphic encryption keys stored on cloud servers. In addition, the solution enables key management centers to grant secure and controlled access to re-encrypted homomorphic encryption keys to third parties without disclosing the sensitive information contained therein. The scheme achieves this by implementing a sophisticated access tree-based mechanism that enables the cloud server to convert forwarded ciphertexts into completely new ciphertexts customized specifically for a given group of users. By effectively utilizing conditional restrictions, the scheme achieves fine-grained access control to protect the privacy of shared content. Finally, this paper showcases the scheme’s security against selective ciphertext attacks without relying on random prediction.

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the security problems it faces are increasingly prominent and have attracted much attention in industry and the academy. Traditional IoT architecture comes with security risks. Illegal intrusion of attackers into the network layer disrupts the availability of data. The untrusted transmission environment increases the difficulty of users sharing private data, and various outsourced computing and application requirements bring the risk of privacy leakage. Multi-key fully homomorphic encryption (MKFHE) realizes operations between ciphertexts under different key encryption and has great application potential. Since 2012, the first MKFHE scheme LTV12 has been extended from fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) and has ignited the enthusiasm of many cryptographic researchers due to its lattice-based security and quantum-resistant properties. According to its corresponding FHE scheme, the MKFHE schemes can be divided into four kinds: Gentry–Sahai–Water (GSW), number theory research unit (NTRU), Brakerski–Gentry–Vaikuntanathan (BGV), and FHE over the tour (TFHE). Efficiency and cost are urgent issues for MKFHE. New schemes are mainly improved versions of existing schemes. The improvements are mostly related to the four parts of MKFHE: security assumption, key generation, plaintext encryption, and ciphertext processing. We classified MKFHE schemes according to the improved partial schemes, and we present some improved techniques and the applications of MKFHE.

In this paper, a single bandpass microwave photonic filter (MPF) based on a gain-switched distributed feedback (DFB) laser is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Self-phase modulation (SPM) effect is explored in the optical domain to enhance the performance of the proposed MPF. A single passband is achieved for the proposed MPF, which can be tuned from 1 GHz to 39 GHz. A theoretical model describing the principle of the proposed MPF is derived, which is confirmed by experimental results.