The future development of chemistry entails environmentally friendly and energy sustainable alternatives for organic transformations. Visible light photocatalysis can address these challenges, as reflected by recent intensive scientific endeavours to this end. This review covers state-of-the-art accomplishments in visible-light-induced selective organic transformations by heterogeneous photocatalysis. The discussion comprises three sections based on the photocatalyst type: metal oxides such as TiO₂, Nb₂O₅ and ZnO; plasmonic photocatalysts like nanostructured Au, Ag or Cu supported on metal oxides; and polymeric graphitic carbon nitride. Finally, recent strides in bridging the gap between photocatalysis and other areas of catalysis will be highlighted with the aim of overcoming the existing limitations of photocatalysis by developing more creative synthetic methodologies.

The design and use of materials in the nanoscale size range for addressing medical and health-related issues continues to receive increasing interest. Research in nanomedicine spans a multitude of areas, including drug delivery, vaccine development, antibacterial, diagnosis and imaging tools, wearable devices, implants, high-throughput screening platforms, etc. using biological, nonbiological, biomimetic, or hybrid materials. Many of these developments are starting to be translated into viable clinical products. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in nanomedicine and highlight the current challenges and upcoming opportunities for the field and translation to the clinic.