For the current vegetable mechanized grafting operation efficiency is low constraints on the development of the industry. Based on the heterogeneous operation requirements of rootstock and scion, a six plant synchronous insertion vegetable grafting machine was innovatively designed, which integrates flexible clamping, dynamic cutting, and precise docking functions. The rectangular hand claw is embedded with EVA flexible material (maximum clamping pressure of the clamping mechanism: rootstock 266.35 Pa and scion 158.92 Pa), to overcome the fragile seedling damage control problems; Optimization of rootstock dynamics modeling with the V-shaped gathering block opening angle of 90° to achieve adaptive positioning of heterogeneous stems; The dual cutting system of positive-cutting and rotary-cutting matches the different cutting requirements of rootstock and scion. The optimal combination of parameters after optimization was the punching needle diameter of 1.8 mm, the punching speed of 40 mm s⁻¹ and the docking speed of 60 mm s⁻¹. The grafting success rate was 98.26% and the grafting efficiency was 985 plants/h. This study provides a reference for synchronous grafting of multiple vegetables, which has certain engineering value for alleviating agricultural labor shortages and achieving factory production of vegetable seedlings.

To solve the problem of grain loss caused by nibbling during the working process of the maize ear and stem harvesting machine, a vibrating screen-type grain-recovery device with an upper centrifugal fan was designed. The device mainly consists of a centrifugal fan and vibrating screen. The work process of the grain-recovery device is theoretically analyzed, and it is clarified that the turning of the bracts is the key to separating the bracts from the grains, and the design criteria of the vibrating screen are obtained. The CFD–EDEM coupled single-factor simulation experiment was carried out on the size of the vibrating screen sieve hole and the number of draft bars, and the motion posture of the bracts was simulated. Based on the previous CFD–EDEM coupled simulation study, the orthogonal experiment was carried out on the fan speed, vibration screen drive-shaft speed, and operation speed of the grain-recovery device. The orthogonal experimental results show that, when the fan speed is 1000 r/min, the vibration screen drive-shaft speed is 300 r/min, and the operation speed is 3.62 km/h, the performance of the grain-recovery device reaches the optimum level, and the grain recovery rate is approximately 85%.