Drought stress is one of serious threats of mankind particularly in arid and semiarid regions, it is the most serious threat to world food security, there are various negative effects on plant growth and total yield occurs under drought conditions, therefore, plants have different responses for adaptation and survive with drought conditions such as morphological, biochemical, physiological responses, and a molecular mechanism. Plants acclimatize with drought stress by use various strategies includes drought escape, drought avoidance and drought tolerance. Plant breeding using biotechnology and classical breeding techniques for improving plant drought tolerance, also, use of Exogenous plant growth regulators improving plant tolerant for drought stress.

Sustainable agricultural practices improve food security, increase farmers' profitability, and preserve the environment. By implementing sustainable farming methods such as crop rotation, integrated pest management, and conservation tillage, farmers can improve soil health, reduce water usage, and minimize agrochemical inputs. Moreover, sustainable agriculture promotes biodiversity and protects natural resources such as water and soil. Responsible farming practices preserve the environment and ensure that future generations access fertile land and clean water sources. Additionally, sustainable agriculture can help farmers achieve higher crop yields and better-quality produce, adapt to changing climate conditions, and mitigate the impact of climate change on food production. Sustainable agricultural practices are essential for ensuring food security, increasing farmers' profitability, and preserving the environment for future generations. We must continue to support and promote sustainable farming methods to create a more resilient and sustainable food system.

Citrus occupies the third position in fruit crop production worldwide after grapes and apple, while, citrus ranking the first position in world trading. Citrus fruits one of the popular fruits globally for their taste and flavor, currently there is more interested in citrus fruit consumption particularly under the COVID-19 pandemic due to higher Vitamin C content. Citrus are growing in warm climates from tropical to arid conditions in a wide range of temperatures ranging from 10˚C to 35˚C, while, Mediterranean climate is considered the most proper climate for citrus growth and productivity. Citrus has three or four growth cycle depending on climate conditions and water availability, Generally, vegetative growth starts with warm weather up to 12.8˚C and growth increase continuously with increasing temperature up to 35˚C, while, growth decline with rising temperature more than 35˚C. Due to harsh climate conditions, there is a fluctuation in citrus production and annually drastic yield loss, because of rising temperature and water shortage, which causes weakening growth, flowering, and productivity of citrus.