This study investigates the impact of energy intensity and CO₂ emissions on economic growth in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, aiming to understand the interplay between energy consumption, environmental sustainability, and economic performance. We analyze data from 1990 to 2023 across six GCC countries. The study employs the fixed effects model, random effects model, and pooled regression model to examine the relationships between energy intensity, CO₂ emissions, and GDP growth, controlling for factors such as foreign direct investment, trade openness, population, unemployment, and urbanization. Our findings reveal a significant negative impact of energy intensity on economic growth, and an increase in energy intensity is associated with a decrease of approximately 0.2969 units in GDP, indicating that higher energy consumption per unit of output hinders economic performance. While CO₂ emissions positively affect growth in GCC countries, a one-unit increase in CO₂ emissions is associated with an increase of approximately 0.3961 units in GDP. The study emphasizes the necessity for GCC countries to adopt sustainable energy practices to reduce energy intensity and boost economic growth. By aligning economic strategies with environmental sustainability goals, these nations can achieve long-term growth while effectively addressing the challenges of climate change. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainable development in the region and underscores the importance of harmonizing economic growth strategies with environmental objectives.

The value creation supposes that the undertaken investment leads to draw a surplus with regard to the alternative use that the providers of capital would have been able to make it. This research proposes an analysis of the relation between the investment decisions and value creation on a sample of 82 French firms that compose the SBF 250 index, from 1999 to 2005. We show that the relation between the investment and the firm value is direct and positive

The paper investigates the economic, social, and environmental determinants of Vietnam’s Human Development Index (HDI) for the years 1990–2023. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing method, short-run and long-run relationships between HDI and GDP per capita growth, life expectancy, CO₂ emissions, trade openness, and unemployment are investigated. The results indicate that GDP per capita growth, CO₂ emissions, and trade openness positively and significantly influence HDI in both time periods, while unemployment has a negative influence. Life expectancy has a significant positive influence in the short term but is insignificant in the long term. Diagnostic tests validate the robustness of the model, and stability tests indicate parameter constancy. Robustness tests through the use of FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR estimators validate the main findings. The report provides policy-relevant suggestions for sustaining Vietnam’s human development gains, emphasizing how to reconcile economic growth with environmental sustainability and labour market inclusion.

This study examines the impact of CO₂ emissions, geopolitical risk, economic growth, and tourism on renewable energy consumption (as a proxy for clean energy) in five Southeast Asian countries from 1995 to 2023. The research aims to identify key drivers and barriers to clean energy adoption in the region. The study employs the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) regression technique to analyze the long-term relationships between the variables. Additionally, Canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR) estimation is used as a robustness check to validate the findings. The results reveal that CO₂ emissions negatively affect clean energy consumption in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines but improve renewable energy adoption in Thailand. Economic growth has a significant negative impact on clean energy in Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam, whereas it serves as a driver in Malaysia. Geopolitical risk exerts a strong adverse effect on renewable energy consumption only in the Philippines and Vietnam. Finally, tourism is negatively associated with clean energy solely in Malaysia. The results show that economic and geopolitical considerations have varying effects on the adoption of renewable energy throughout Southeast Asia, indicating that each country needs a different approach to policy. In support of clean energy adoption, policymakers must devise personalized strategies that cater to the distinct challenges of every country. In this regard, it could involve adopting carbon pricing in those countries with high-emitting characteristics, fostering stable geopolitics to hedge against risks to investments, and synchronizing tourist development with sustainable goals. Research also calls for regional coordination so that one may consolidate efforts with the possibility of aggregating resources by which Southeast Asian countries can navigate commonalities during a transition to renewable energy.

This study explores how technological innovation, financial development, education, and institutional quality impact CO₂ emissions between 1995 and 2021 in Costa Rica, one of the developing nations that have found ways to balance economic development with sustainable measures. We apply the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and the Error Correction Model (ECM) to analyze the short-run and long-run relationships between the variables. Time-series data are analyzed to determine the direction and magnitude of these relationships. The results indicate that financial development positively correlates with CO₂ emissions in the long run, while technological innovation reduces environmental degradation. Short-run results show that institutional quality initially worsens emissions, while financial development and education contribute to mitigating CO₂ emissions. The findings underscore the need for policy aimed at balancing financial growth and environmental responsibility. Institutional quality and technological progress are central to achieving long-run sustainability. Policymakers ought to prioritize the implementation of sustainable investment methodologies, augment institutional frameworks, and advocate for innovation-oriented environmental policies. The adoption of these measures will be crucial for the mitigation of CO₂ emissions while concurrently facilitating sustained economic advancement.

This study investigates the impact of the dividend per unit, loan-to-value ratio (LTV), operating performance, and liquidity on the financial performance of Saudi Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), as measured by Net Asset Value (NAV). The study examines a sample of 17 listed Saudi REITs over a five-year period, 2019-2023, resulting in 85 observations. Through multiple regression analysis, the results demonstrate a significant positive relationship between NAV and dividend per unit, operating performance, liquidity, and size as a control variable. In contrast, a negative relationship is found between LTV and NAV. These findings provide important insights for investors and portfolio managers, enhancing their understanding of the key factors that drive the financial performance of Saudi REITs.