The synthesis of [Cu(PteN^˄N)(P^˄P)][BF₄] complexes with pterin-fused phenanthroline (PteN^˄N) derivatives and bisphosphine (P^˄P) co-ligands was achieved through a mechanochemical approach. Due to the extremely poor solubility of PteN^˄N ligands, traditional solution methods are ineffective, whereas solid-state mechanochemistry reliably yielded the targeted heteroleptic—rather than homoleptic—complexes with considerable stability even in solution. The transformation from ligand to complex increased the solubility dramatically. The ligands and complexes were comprehensively characterised with a mixture of routine spectroscopic and spectrometric methods, the applicability of which depended to some extent on the compounds’ solubility, e.g., in the case of NMR spectroscopy. The photophysical properties of the complexes, which were not as exciting as anticipated, were assessed by absorption and emission spectroscopic methods, showing that further improvements are needed in complex design if these species are to be developed towards photocatalysis in the future.

A new alkyne functionalized pterin derivative was synthesized through a reaction of 7-chloropterin with propargyl alcohol in the presence of sodium hydride. The purity and chemical structure of the compound was validated by NMR (¹H, ¹³C) spectroscopy, Mass (APCI source) spectrometry, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. The title compound may be further functionalized by exploiting the yne moiety, for instance, using click chemistry. The novel pterin derivative, most notably, in contrast to typical pterin behavior, is now soluble or even well soluble in almost any solvent except water.

Pterins are molecules of substantial interest as they occur in nature in a number of forms with quite distinct and often indispensable roles. Chemically, the synthesis of the principle pterin scaffold is comparably simple, while the insolubility of the pterin building block renders synthetic derivatization extremely difficult. When aiming at modeling naturally occurring pterins of extended chemical structure, this is a considerable problem. A notable set of strategies was developed in the course of the present study, which are able to overcome the lack of reactivity of the pterin backbone. These include a strategic choice regarding protection groups, uncommon chemical transformation, ball milling and combinations thereof. Some novel pterins with quite distinct substitution motifs were successfully synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses as well as single-crystal structural analyses for three of them.