This study provides current evidence about cross-section production processes in the theoretical and experimental results of neutron induced reaction of uranium isotope on projectile energy range of 1-100 MeV in order to improve the reliability of nuclear stimulation. In such fission reactions of 235U within nuclear reactors, much amount of energy would be released as a product that able to satisfy the needs of energy to the world wide without polluting processes as compared to other sources. The main objective of this work is to transform a related knowledge in the neutron-induced fission reactions on 235U through describing, analyzing and interpreting the theoretical results of the cross sections obtained from computer code COMPLET by comparing with the experimental data obtained from EXFOR. The cross section value of 235U(n,2n)234U, 235U(n,3n)233U, 235U(n,γ)236U, 235U(n,f) are obtained using computer code COMPLET and the corresponding experimental values were browsed by EXFOR, IAEA. The theoretical results are compared with the experimental data taken from EXFOR Data Bank. Computer code COMPLET has been used for the analysis with the same set of input parameters and the graphs were plotted by the help of spreadsheet & Origin-8 software. The quantification of uncertainties stemming from both experimental data and computer code calculation plays a significant role in the final evaluated results. The calculated results for total cross sections were compared with the experimental data taken from EXFOR in the literature, and good agreement was found between the experimental and theoretical data. This comparison of the calculated data was analyzed and interpreted with tabulation and graphical descriptions, and the results were briefly discussed within the text of this research work.

Calculations of the excitation function of ²⁰⁹Bi (α, n)²¹²At, ²⁰⁹Bi (α, 2n)²¹¹At and ²⁰⁹Bi (α, 3n)²¹⁰At reactions have been focussed on alpha induced reaction. Energy ranges of alpha particles were taken into computations as 10 MeV to 70 MeV. The objective of this study is to compare the computed results with the experimental data existing in the literature for each reactions. The calculated ²⁰⁹Bi(α,xn) reaction cross-sections were computed using computer code COMPLET and were then compared with the experimental nuclear reaction data obtained from EXFOR library in the literature. This calculated data was analyzed and interpreted with tabular and graphical descriptions. Good agreement was found between the experimental and theoretical data. The results were briefly discussed within the text of this research work.

BackgroundRecent investigations demonstrate a strong potential for cobalt-60 (Co-60)-based teletherapy. The influence of the lower energy and penetration of a cobalt-60 beam compared with linear accelerator beams is negligible for intensity-modulated radiotherapy.PurposeThe aim of this research is to investigate source head fluence modulation in cobalt-60 teletherapy by using a three-dimensional (3D) physical compensator and secondary collimator jaw motion.Materials and methodsThe Oncentra treatment planning system was used to develop three hypothetical plans by secondary collimator jaw motion. A clinical MDS Nordion Equinox 80 cobalt-60 teletherapy unit was used to acquire conventional water phantom beam characteristics. Fluence modulation experiments were executed at 50 cm depth in a PTW universal intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) verification phantom using calibrated Gafchromic external beam therapy 2 (EBT2) and RTQA2-1010 film batches. Gafchromic EBT2 film was used to sample intensity maps generated by secondary collimator jaw motion, yet Gafchromic RTQA2-1010 film sampled maps from the 3D physical compensator. The solid-state drives used were 750 and 743 cm for the Gafchromic EBT2 and Gafchromic RTQA2-1010 film measurements.ResultsA 2D gamma index analysis was coded to compare EBT2 film measurements with Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine data. This analysis was also used to verify film measurements versus Monte-Carlo simulations.ConclusionLateral beam profiles generated from water phantom measurements were used to establish source head fluence modulation on the film measurements. The source head fluence of a cobalt-60 teletherapy beam could be modulated by secondary collimator jaw motion and using a 3D physical compensator.

Irrigation plays a crucial role in addressing the main challenges caused by food insecurity and rainfall uncertainty. Determining availability of water for irrigation is required on both its quantity and quality. Quality should infer how well a water supply fulfills the needs of intended use. Water used for irrigation always contains some dissolved salts. So the suitability of water for irrigation will be determined by the amount and kind of salts present. The main objective of this study was determining the salinity threshold value of carrot in order to address the commutative effect of salt on carrot production. The experiment was designed in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and conducted at Debre Markos Soil Laboratory with seven (0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2.0, 2.4 and 2.8 dS/m, respectively) salinity levels and three replications. The major findings indicated that the yield of salinity levels are 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2.0, 2.4 and 2.8 dS/m and the yield are 8526, 8895, 9026, 7703, 6526, 5526 and 4466 kg/ha, respectively. The corresponding dry matter percentages were also 808, 784, 808, 692, 537, 534 and 303 kg/ha, respectively consequently. This showed that carrot would give maximum yield and dry matter when its salinity level on irrigation water is at threshold level (1.2 dS/m), but shows a higher reduction, which might even tend to zero yield provided when there is further addition of salt above the threshold level.