Recently, hydroponic feed production has come to the fore to reduce the intense competition between food and feed production in the poultry industry, impro

Animal production is valuable importance for human being and countries in terms of both economic and human nutrition. To increase the value of benefits from the livestock sector, there are many attempts to make policies. In this study, 26 different agricultural areas of Turkey according to their agricultural properties were clustered by using mammalian livestock existence such as cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goat and horse. For this aim 3-D clustering was applied using R software with FactoMineR and factoextra packages. The results showed that the number of 26 agricultural areas were clustered in four clusters. TR83 area including Samsun, Tokat, Çorum and Amasya cities was formed in a cluster lonely. The second cluster included agricultural areas of TRA2, TRC2 and TRB2 that these areas consist of the cities Ağrı, Kars, Iğdır, Ardahan, Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır, Van, Muş, Bitlis and Hakkari. TRC3, TR62 and TR61 agricultural areas formed the third cluster including the cities of Mardin, Batman, Şırnak, Siirt, Adana, Mersin, Antalya, Isparta and Burdur. The other agricultural areas were included in the fourth cluster. These results are also important for traders' financial and human capital and trading practices such as the use of brokers and regular suppliers and customers had varying effects on margins and costs of animal trade. It is also amenable to public policy to improve the market environment and marketing efficiency.

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the MRF gene family members and slaughter characteristics in Saanen kids with varying slaughter weights. Twenty male kids of the Turkish Saanen breed were individually fattened for 60 days after weaning under an intensive management system. The kids were divided into two groups: low slaughter weight (L; n = 11; ≤29 kg) and high slaughter weight (H; n = 13; >29) at the end of the fattening. After slaughter, muscle samples from Longissimus-dorsi (LD) and Semitendinosus (ST) muscles were obtained. Carcass characteristics were higher in H than in L kids (p < 0.05). Myogenic Factor 5 gene expression level in the LD muscle of H kids was higher (p < 0.05) than that of L kids. A similar trend was observed regarding Myogenic Factor 6 and Myoblast Determination Factor gene expression levels in the LD muscle (p < 0.05). Also, the Myogenin gene expression level of H kids was higher than that of L kids in both muscles (p < 0.05). There were positive correlations among the slaughter weight, carcass characteristics, and some MRF gene expression levels in both muscles (p < 0.05) that the higher gene expression increases the weight and affects the carcass characteristics. The study results suggest that the difference in slaughter weight at the end of fattening in Saanen kids may be due to the expression level of myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) genes. Fattening performance and MRF genes may have a positive correlation.

Fiber and cellular characteristics of skeletal muscle mass are directly related to growth in farm animals. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the DNA,