This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) burnt area products are widely used to assess the damaged area after wildfires and agricultural burning have occurred. This study improved the accuracy of the assessment of the burnt areas by using the MCD45A1 and MCD64A1 burnt area products with the finer spatial resolution product from the Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager/Thermal Infrared Sensor (OLI/TIRS) surface reflectance data. Thus, more accurate wildfires and agricultural burning areas in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) for the year 2015 as well as the estimation of the fire emissions were reported. In addition, the results from this study were compared with the data derived from the fourth version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) that included small fires (GFED4.1s). Upon analysis of the data of the burnt areas, it was found that the burnt areas obtained from the MCD64A1 and MCD45A1 had lower values than the reference fires for all vegetation fires. These results suggested multiplying the MCD64A1 and MCD45A1 for the GMS by the correction factors of 2.11−21.08 depending on the MODIS burnt area product and vegetation fires. After adjusting the burnt areas by the correction factor, the total biomass burnt area in the GMS during the year 2015 was about 33.3 million hectares (Mha), which caused the burning of 109 ± 22 million tons (Mt) of biomass. This burning emitted 178 ± 42 Mt of CO2, 469 ± 351 kilotons (kt) of CH4, 18 ± 3 kt of N2O, 9.4 ± 4.9 Mt of CO, 345 ± 206 kt of NOX, 46 ± 25 kt of SO2, 147 ± 117 kt of NH3, 820 ± 489 kt of PM2.5, 60 ± 32 kt of BC, and 350 ± 205 kt of OC. Furthermore, the emission results of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in all countries were slightly lower than GFED4.1s in the range between 0.3 and 0.6 times.
Agapol Junpen; Jirataya Roemmontri; Athipthep Boonman; Penwadee Cheewaphongphan; Pham Thi Bich Thao; Savitri Garivait. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Biomass Open Burning Emissions in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Climate 2020, 8, 90 .
AMA StyleAgapol Junpen, Jirataya Roemmontri, Athipthep Boonman, Penwadee Cheewaphongphan, Pham Thi Bich Thao, Savitri Garivait. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Biomass Open Burning Emissions in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Climate. 2020; 8 (8):90.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgapol Junpen; Jirataya Roemmontri; Athipthep Boonman; Penwadee Cheewaphongphan; Pham Thi Bich Thao; Savitri Garivait. 2020. "Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Biomass Open Burning Emissions in the Greater Mekong Subregion." Climate 8, no. 8: 90.
Bottom-up CH4 emission inventories, which have been developed from statistical analyses of activity data and country specific emission factors (EFs), have high uncertainty in terms of the estimations, according to results from top-down inverse model studies. This study aimed to determine the causes of overestimation in CH4 bottom-up emission inventories across China by applying parameter variability uncertainty analysis to three sets of CH4 emission inventories titled PENG, GAINS, and EDGAR. The top three major sources of CH4 emissions in China during the years 1990–2010, namely, coal mining, livestock, and rice cultivation, were selected for the investigation. The results of this study confirm the concerns raised by inverse modeling results in which we found significantly higher bottom-up emissions for the rice cultivation and coal mining sectors. The largest uncertainties were detected in the rice cultivation estimates and were caused by variations in the proportions of rice cultivation ecosystems and EFs; specifically, higher rates for both parameters were used in EDGAR. The coal mining sector was associated with the second highest level of uncertainty, and this was caused by variations in mining types and EFs, for which rather consistent parameters were used in EDGAR and GAINS, but values were slightly higher than those used in PENG. Insignificant differences were detected among the three sets of inventories for the livestock sector.
Penwadee Cheewaphongphan; Satoru Chatani; Nobuko Saigusa. Exploring Gaps between Bottom-Up and Top-Down Emission Estimates Based on Uncertainties in Multiple Emission Inventories: A Case Study on CH4 Emissions in China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2054 .
AMA StylePenwadee Cheewaphongphan, Satoru Chatani, Nobuko Saigusa. Exploring Gaps between Bottom-Up and Top-Down Emission Estimates Based on Uncertainties in Multiple Emission Inventories: A Case Study on CH4 Emissions in China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (7):2054.
Chicago/Turabian StylePenwadee Cheewaphongphan; Satoru Chatani; Nobuko Saigusa. 2019. "Exploring Gaps between Bottom-Up and Top-Down Emission Estimates Based on Uncertainties in Multiple Emission Inventories: A Case Study on CH4 Emissions in China." Sustainability 11, no. 7: 2054.
Crop residue burning negatively impacts both the environment and human health, whether in the aspect of air pollution, regional and global climate change, or transboundary air pollution. Accordingly, this study aims to assess the level of air pollutant emissions caused by the rice residue open burning activities in 2018, by analyzing the remote sensing information and country specific data. This research also aims to analyze the trend of particulate matter 10 microns or less in diameter (PM10) concentration air quality sites in provinces with large paddy rice planting areas from 2010–2017. According to the results, 61.87 megaton (Mt) of rice residue were generated, comprising 21.35 Mt generated from the irrigated fields and 40.53 Mt generated from the rain-fed field. Only 23.0% of the total rice residue generated were subject to open burning—of which nearly 32% were actually burned in the fields. The emissions from such rice residue burning consisted of: 5.34 ± 2.33 megaton (Mt) of CO2, 44 ± 14 kiloton (kt) of CH4, 422 ± 179 kt of CO, 2 ± 2 kt of NOX, 2 ± 2 kt of SO2, 38 ± 22 kt of PM2.5, 43 ± 29 kt of PM10, 2 ± 1 kt of black carbon (BC), and 14 ± 5 kt of organic carbon (OC). According to the air quality trends, the results shows the higher level of PM10 concentration was due to the agricultural burning activities, as reflected in the higher monthly averages of the months with the agricultural burning, by around 1.9–2.1 times. The result also shows the effect of government’s policy for farmers on the crop burning activities and air quality trends.
Agapol Junpen; Jirataya Pansuk; Orachorn Kamnoet; Penwadee Cheewaphongphan; Savitri Garivait. Emission of Air Pollutants from Rice Residue Open Burning in Thailand, 2018. Atmosphere 2018, 9, 449 .
AMA StyleAgapol Junpen, Jirataya Pansuk, Orachorn Kamnoet, Penwadee Cheewaphongphan, Savitri Garivait. Emission of Air Pollutants from Rice Residue Open Burning in Thailand, 2018. Atmosphere. 2018; 9 (11):449.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgapol Junpen; Jirataya Pansuk; Orachorn Kamnoet; Penwadee Cheewaphongphan; Savitri Garivait. 2018. "Emission of Air Pollutants from Rice Residue Open Burning in Thailand, 2018." Atmosphere 9, no. 11: 449.
Agricultural residue is a major raw material for renewable energy production, particularly heat production, in Thailand. Meanwhile, the process-based residue, such as bagasse, rice husk, wood residue, palm fiber, palm shell, and saw dust, is used as a fuel for energy production in the agro-industry. Hence, this study is intended to assess the net potential and capacity of alternative agricultural residues, specifically rice straws, to serve as the supplementary fuel for very small power plants (VSPPs) in Thailand. According to the results obtained during the crop season of 2015/2016, approximately 26 Mt of rice straws were generated upon the harvesting process. The net potential of rice straws, including those that were burned and those that were left in the fields, was only about 15% or 3.85 Mt, which could be used for heat and electricity production at 1331 kilotons of oil equivalent (ktoe) or 457 MWe. As agro-residues vary by seasonality, the peak season of rice straws was in November, where approximately 1.64 Mt (43%) were generated, followed by December, at 1.32 Mt (34%). On the basis of the results, rice straw has the potential to serve as a fuel supply for VSPPs at 14.2%, 21.6%, 26.3%, and 29.0% for the radii of compilation at 24, 36, 48 km and 60 km, respectively.
Penwadee Cheewaphongphan; Agapol Junpen; Orachorn Kamnoet; Savitri Garivait. Study on the Potential of Rice Straws as a Supplementary Fuel in Very Small Power Plants in Thailand. Energies 2018, 11, 270 .
AMA StylePenwadee Cheewaphongphan, Agapol Junpen, Orachorn Kamnoet, Savitri Garivait. Study on the Potential of Rice Straws as a Supplementary Fuel in Very Small Power Plants in Thailand. Energies. 2018; 11 (2):270.
Chicago/Turabian StylePenwadee Cheewaphongphan; Agapol Junpen; Orachorn Kamnoet; Savitri Garivait. 2018. "Study on the Potential of Rice Straws as a Supplementary Fuel in Very Small Power Plants in Thailand." Energies 11, no. 2: 270.