Background: The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection during pregnancy on the fetus can be direct—transmitted through the placenta—and indirect—creating unfavorable conditions for the development of the fetus because of inflammation, micro-thrombosis, and hypercoagulation. Our study aimed to determine the types and frequency of pathohistological changes in placental tissue in SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant women and to examine the possible role of oxidative stress in the prognosis of the delivery and its maternal and fetal complications. Methods: This prospective clinical study included 50 pregnant women divided into two groups, SARS-CoV-2 positive (COVID-19 group) and SARS-CoV-2 negative (control group), from who we collected demographic, clinical, obstetric, biochemical and pathologic data. Data about the newborn characteristics were also collected, which included anamnestic, clinical, and biochemical data. Results: The values of the superoxide anion radical and index of lipid peroxidation were significantly different in mothers concerning the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, while the levels of the nitric oxide, index of lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase were significantly different in the newborns depending on the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Newborn characteristics were similar between groups except for concentrations of IgM antibody. The incidence of pathohistological changes of the FVM type in the COVID-19 group of pregnant women was 46%, while in the control group, the incidence was 18%. Conclusions: This study confirmed the significant impact of the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection on maternal and fetal biochemical parameters and oxidative stress-mediated placental dysfunction. Future studies should be performed with more participants and follow-up neonatal development.

Defining certain parameters of the oocyte microenvironment that can be simply and quickly detected and that enable differentiation of oocytes that have better or worse quality could potentially increase the efficacy of the in vitro fertilization (IVF) method. Follicular fluid represents the microenvironment for the development of oocytes during different stages of maturation. Enzymes present in the follicular fluid may affect the quality of oocytes. There are inconsistencies in the literature concerning enzyme concentration in follicular fluid. The main aim of this study was to examine whether the concentration of enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase in follicular fluid can influence the outcome of IVF. The study included 120 patients who were involved in the process of IVF. We used the follicular fluid obtained after follicular aspiration in the ovaries as biological material for the analysis. The values of enzymes LDL (method—kinetic UV test), aspartate aminotransferase (method—kinetic UV test), ALT (method—kinetic UV test) and alkaline phosphatase (method—colorimetric kinetic test) in the follicular fluid were determined on the analyzer АU 680, Becman Coulter. The criteria of the Istanbul consensus of clinical embryologists were used for the embryo assessment. The software package SPSS 20 was used for the statistical processing of data. The results of follicular fluid sample analysis showed a correlation between ALT concentration in the follicular fluid and IVF outcome. Based on our results, we can conclude that ALT concentration affects the outcome of IVF.

Introduction: Primary extracranial vertebral artery aneurysms are sporadic in the general population. They are uncommon in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1. During pregnancy or in the puerperium, the risk of aneurysm rupture in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 and extracranial aneurysms is elevated. Rupture of a vertebral artery aneurysm is an emergency condition and can be fatal. Case presentation: We present the case of a 33-year-old woman in the puerperium with neurofibromatosis type 1 who had a vertebral symptomatic artery aneurysm. During a previous hospitalization, two months before the treatment of the vertebral aneurysm, a same-sided aneurysm of the thyrocervical trunk was successfully treated with endovascular coiling because of aneurysm rupture. In this case report, the vertebral artery aneurysm was successfully managed using a flow diverter stent graft. Conclusions: This is the first reported case of a successfully treated symptomatic vertebral artery aneurysm with a flow diverter stent graft in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 during the early puerperium. Endovascular treatment with a stent graft is a minimally invasive, safe, and effective treatment for patients with vertebral artery aneurysms. Early diagnosis of non-ruptured vertebral artery aneurysms is a crucial as well as appropriate treatment, which should be undertaken in a timely manner to prevent serious complications or a fatal outcome.

The term ‘mixed Mullerian tumour’ applies to uterine tumours composed of epithelial and mesenchymal elements of Mullerian origin. These neoplasms are classified into adenomyomas, adenofi bromas, adenosarcomas, and carcinosarcomas (malignant Mullerian mixed tumours) based on whether the epithelial and stromal elements are benign or malignant. Adenosarcomas are low-grade neoplasms classified halfway along the spectrum of mixed Mullerian tumours, with adenofi bromas at one end and carcinosarcomas (malignant Mullerian mixed tumours) at the other. Adenosarcoma is a mixed Mullerian tumour composed of benignappearing but neoplastic glandular elements and a sarcomatous stroma, which is usually low grade. Histologically, there are heterologous mesenchymal elements (usually rhabdomyosarcoma, but also cartilage, fat, and other elements) in 20-25% of cases. We have observed that some women with these tumours have received tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer or have a history of radiation therapy. We herein report the case of a 46-year-old patient who was hospitalized at OGC CC Kragujevac because of excessive bleeding from the uterus. The patient had undergone right mastectomy three years earlier for breast cancer. After surgery, she had received Nolvadex (tamoxifen) treatment. Exploratory curettage was performed, and then, a classic abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy was completed. The histopathological findings indicated adenosarcoma Mulleri; therefore, the patient received postoperative radiation therapy according to our current protocol.

Background and Clinical Significance: Uterine smooth muscle tumors range from benign leiomyomas to highly aggressive leiomyosarcomas. Smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) represent an intermediate and diagnostically challenging category defined by borderline or discordant histological features. Their clinical management remains complex due to limited possibilities for reliable preoperative differentiation and the absence of clearly established surveillance protocols. The situation becomes particularly sensitive in postmenopausal patients, in whom tumor growth or abnormal bleeding raises concern for malignancy. Case Presentation : We report a 66-year-old postmenopausal woman presenting with persistent uterine bleeding and interval growth of a previously presumed leiomyoma. Transvaginal ultrasound demonstrated a heterogeneous intramural mass measuring approximately 5–7 cm, while endometrial sampling revealed inactive, atrophic endometrium without evidence of malignancy. Given the patient’s postmenopausal status and progressive symptoms, total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy was performed. Histopathological examination identified moderate cytological atypia, focal coagulative tumor necrosis, and mitotic activity of up to five mitoses per ten high-power fields, findings insufficient for leiomyosarcoma but exceeding those expected for a benign leiomyoma. A diagnosis of STUMP was established. Postoperative staging showed no residual or metastatic disease, and structured long-term follow-up was initiated. Discussion: This case illustrates the limitations of current preoperative diagnostic tools in distinguishing between benign and borderline or malignant uterine smooth muscle tumors. Clinical presentation, imaging, and endometrial sampling were not predictive of the final diagnosis. In postmenopausal women, enlargement of a presumed leiomyoma should prompt careful evaluation, as histological assessment after complete surgical removal often remains the only reliable method of diagnosis. The unpredictable biological behavior of STUMP and reported cases of late recurrence support the need for prolonged surveillance, even after apparently adequate surgical treatment. Conclusions: STUMP remains primarily a postoperative diagnosis and represents a persistent gray zone in gynecologic oncology. Postmenopausal tumor growth and abnormal bleeding warrant an individualized and cautious approach. Careful histopathological evaluation and long-term follow-up are essential to ensure early detection of possible recurrence and optimal patient management.

Introduction: The balance of bioelements is crucial as it ensures the organism's homeostasis and proper execution of reactions within the body, nerve conductivity, and correct polarity of cell membranes, but it is also very important for fertility. It is known that disturbances in the balance of bioelements lead to reproductive dysfunction. In women, changes in the composition of follicular fluid can occur, which can lead to limited follicular growth and lack of oocyte activation. Objective: The main objective was to examine whether the concentration of bioelements Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe in follicular fluid influences the outcome of the in vitro fertilization process. Methods: The study involved 120 female patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. Follicular fluid obtained after follicle aspiration in the ovaries was used as biological material for analysis. The values of Na (selective electrode method), K (selective electrode method), Ca (arenajo method), Mg (spectrophotometric method), and Fe (colorimetric method) in follicular fluid were determined using the AU 680 apparatus, Beckman Coulter. Istanbul Consensus criteria for clinical embryologists were used to assess embryo quality. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 20 software package. Results: Analysis of follicular fluid samples showed no correlation between the concentration of bioelements in follicular fluid and the quality of oocytes or the outcome of in vitro fertilization. Conclusion: Based on our results, it can be concluded that the concentration of bioelements in follicular fluid does not affect the outcome of in vitro fertilization.