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Prof. Dr. Kenneth M. Persson
Water Resources Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

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0 Water Reuse
0 water management
0 Membrane technology
0 Water innovation

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Journal article
Published: 07 July 2021 in Sustainability
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Current sustainability assessment (SA) tools to help deal with contaminated groundwater sites are inherently subjective and hardly applied. One reason may be lack of proper tools for addressing contaminant spread which are basically objective. To fill this gap, there is a need for contaminant transport models that provide site managers with needed room for applying their judgments and considerations about the efficiency of each remediation method based on their experiences in similar cases. INSIDE-T uses trend analysis and inverse modeling to estimate transport parameters. It then simulates contaminant transport both with and without the inclusion of remedial actions in a transparent way. The sustainability of each remedy measure can then be quantified based on the underlying SA tool (INSIDE). INSIDE-T was applied to a site in south Sweden, contaminated with pentachlorophenol. Simulation scenarios were developed to enable comparison between various remediation strategies and combinations of these. The application indicated that natural attenuation was not a viable option within the timeframe of interest. Although pump-and-treat combined with a permeable reactive barrier was found to be just as effective as bioremediation after five years, it received a much lower sustainability score overall. INSIDE-T outcomes enable site managers to test and evaluate different scenarios, a necessity in participatory decision-making practices such as remediation projects.

ACS Style

Mehran Naseri-Rad; Ronny Berndtsson; Ursula McKnight; Magnus Persson; Kenneth Persson. INSIDE-T: A Groundwater Contamination Transport Model for Sustainability Assessment in Remediation Practice. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7596 .

AMA Style

Mehran Naseri-Rad, Ronny Berndtsson, Ursula McKnight, Magnus Persson, Kenneth Persson. INSIDE-T: A Groundwater Contamination Transport Model for Sustainability Assessment in Remediation Practice. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7596.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mehran Naseri-Rad; Ronny Berndtsson; Ursula McKnight; Magnus Persson; Kenneth Persson. 2021. "INSIDE-T: A Groundwater Contamination Transport Model for Sustainability Assessment in Remediation Practice." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7596.

Journal article
Published: 07 July 2021 in Water
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A sustainability index (SI) is a benchmark for guiding the activities of municipal water and wastewater (W and WS) utilities toward sustainability. The SI has been used in Sweden since 2014 as an internal benchmark management tool facilitating the strategic work of organizations. This study assesses how the SI was applied in practice by eight utilities (Orgs 1–8) from 2015 to 2019. The study was performed using in-depth semi-structured interviews with managers of the utilities and analyzing 32 SI reports and other documents. The utilities generally perform better in all parameters compared with the national average. Three utilities had improved results during the study period, while the other five had unchanged development. Five utilities use the SI index to improve their performance, and three use the SI results to grade the organization. All utilities are concerned with sustainability and wish to improve their performance. The study found that the parameter “Status of W and WS fixed facilities” was the furthest from sustainability. The study also clarifies that the technical committee has the primary responsibility to ensure that the technical office meets the sustainability objectives.

ACS Style

Nasik Najar; Kenneth Persson. A Sustainability Index within Water and Wastewater Management in Sweden: An Evaluation of Eight Case Studies. Water 2021, 13, 1879 .

AMA Style

Nasik Najar, Kenneth Persson. A Sustainability Index within Water and Wastewater Management in Sweden: An Evaluation of Eight Case Studies. Water. 2021; 13 (14):1879.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nasik Najar; Kenneth Persson. 2021. "A Sustainability Index within Water and Wastewater Management in Sweden: An Evaluation of Eight Case Studies." Water 13, no. 14: 1879.

Journal article
Published: 02 July 2021 in Sustainability
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Ferric oxide-containing waterworks sludge can be used to reduce the formation of hydrogen sulfide during anaerobic digestion. The ferric compound is reduced biochemically in the digester and forms insoluble pyrite in digester sludge. Virgin ferric chloride is often used to solve the hydrogen sulfide problem. Since 2013, Sydvatten AB has supplied a growing number of digestion plants in Sweden with ferric-containing dewatered waterworks sludge derived from the drinking water treatment plant Ringsjöverket to limit the formation of hydrogen sulfide. At the waterworks, ferric chloride is added to enhance the coagulation of organic matter from the source water. The sludge formed in this process is dewatered and landfilled, but also recycled in biogas production in order to decrease the hydrogen sulfide concentration. In this study, the use of sludge for hydrogen sulfide removal in digesters was technically and economically evaluated via case studies from 13 full-scale digesters in Sweden. Compared with the use of fresh ferric chloride, the operational costs are reduced by up to 50% by using sludge. The quality of the sludge is high and its content in metals is low or very low, especially when compared with the requirements of different certification standards for biosolid reuse applied in Sweden. The addition of waterworks sludge containing iron to a digester for the removal of dissolved hydrogen sulfide is a technically and economically good alternative when producing biogas. It is also one step closer to a circular economy, as replacing the use of virgin chemicals with the by-product waterworks sludge saves energy and materials and reduces the carbon footprint of the waterworks.

ACS Style

Tobias Persson; Kenneth Persson; Jenny Åström. Ferric Oxide-Containing Waterworks Sludge Reduces Emissions of Hydrogen Sulfide in Biogas Plants and the Needs for Virgin Chemicals. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7416 .

AMA Style

Tobias Persson, Kenneth Persson, Jenny Åström. Ferric Oxide-Containing Waterworks Sludge Reduces Emissions of Hydrogen Sulfide in Biogas Plants and the Needs for Virgin Chemicals. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7416.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tobias Persson; Kenneth Persson; Jenny Åström. 2021. "Ferric Oxide-Containing Waterworks Sludge Reduces Emissions of Hydrogen Sulfide in Biogas Plants and the Needs for Virgin Chemicals." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7416.

Journal article
Published: 05 April 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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This paper is an attempt to evaluate the impact of the oil refinery industry on water resources worldwide from the point of view of sustainable development (SD). The local laws, reports from the industry and environmental agencies, conditions of the final disposal system were analysed. Key aspects, such as existing approaches for treatment systems, quality of treated wastewater, and ways to assure the safety of them were compared. The comparison between industrialised (represented by the USA and EU) and developing countries (Kazakhstan used as an example) shows that several obstacles, such as loopholes in legislation, historical contamination, and miscommunicating between stakeholders, exist, despite the formal promotion of the SD concept. That policy should be implemented based on the relevant scientific investigation through the possibility of integrating the respective technological development, an adequate system of environmental impact assessment, and fair operational monitoring.

ACS Style

Ivan Radelyuk; Kamshat Tussupova; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Kenneth M. Persson. Oil refinery and water pollution in the context of sustainable development: Developing and developed countries. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 302, 126987 .

AMA Style

Ivan Radelyuk, Kamshat Tussupova, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Kenneth M. Persson. Oil refinery and water pollution in the context of sustainable development: Developing and developed countries. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 302 ():126987.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ivan Radelyuk; Kamshat Tussupova; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Kenneth M. Persson. 2021. "Oil refinery and water pollution in the context of sustainable development: Developing and developed countries." Journal of Cleaner Production 302, no. : 126987.

Paper
Published: 12 February 2021 in Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology
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The direct sampling method revealed the high treatment capacity of the unsaturated zone and the significant impact of infiltration basin management on microbial communities in managed aquifer recharge (MAR).

ACS Style

Kristofer Hägg; Jing Li; Masoumeh Heibati; Kathleen R. Murphy; Catherine J. Paul; Kenneth M. Persson. Water quality changes during the first meter of managed aquifer recharge. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 2021, 7, 562 -572.

AMA Style

Kristofer Hägg, Jing Li, Masoumeh Heibati, Kathleen R. Murphy, Catherine J. Paul, Kenneth M. Persson. Water quality changes during the first meter of managed aquifer recharge. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology. 2021; 7 (3):562-572.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kristofer Hägg; Jing Li; Masoumeh Heibati; Kathleen R. Murphy; Catherine J. Paul; Kenneth M. Persson. 2021. "Water quality changes during the first meter of managed aquifer recharge." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 7, no. 3: 562-572.

Review
Published: 19 October 2020 in Chemosphere
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The objective of this critical review was to provide a comprehensive summary of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) producing species and knowledge gaps in detecting PSTs in drinking water resources, with a focus on recent development of PSTs monitoring methods and tools for drinking water monitoring. PSTs, which are also called Saxitoxins (STXs), are a group of neurotoxins not only produced by marine dinoflagellates but also freshwater cyanobacteria. The presence of PSTs in freshwater has been reported from all continents except Antarctica. PSTs in poisoned sea food such as shellfish, molluscs and crustaceans may attack the nerve system after consumption. The high incidences of PSTs occurring in drinking water sources showed another route of potential human exposure. A development of simple and fast screening tools for drinking water surveillance of PSTs is needed. Neurotoxins produced by freshwater cyanobacteria are understudied relative to microcystin and little study is done around PSTs in drinking water monitoring. Some fast screening methods exist. The critical issues for using them in water surveillance, particularly matrix effect and cross-reactivity are summarized, and future research directions are high-lighted. We conclude that monitoring routines at drinking water resources should start from species level, followed by a profound screening of toxin profile. For practical monitoring routine, fast screening methods should be combined with highly sensitive and accurate analytical methods such as liquid chromatography/liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/LC-MS). A thorough understanding of toxin profile in source water is necessary for screening tool selection.

ACS Style

Jing Li; Kenneth M. Persson. Quick detection method for paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) monitoring in freshwater - A review. Chemosphere 2020, 265, 128591 .

AMA Style

Jing Li, Kenneth M. Persson. Quick detection method for paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) monitoring in freshwater - A review. Chemosphere. 2020; 265 ():128591.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing Li; Kenneth M. Persson. 2020. "Quick detection method for paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) monitoring in freshwater - A review." Chemosphere 265, no. : 128591.

Journal article
Published: 05 August 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Contamination of the water and sediment with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was studied for the lake impacted by the release of PFAS-containing aqueous film forming foam (AFFF). PFAS concentrations were analyzed in lake water and sediment core samples. ΣPFAS concentrations were in the range of 95–100 ng L−1 in the lake water and 3.0–61 µg kg−1 dry weight (dw) in sediment core samples, both dominated by perfluorohexane sulfonate, perfluorooctane sulfonate; 6:2 fluortelomer sulfonate was inconsistently present in water and sediment core samples. The sediment–water partitioning coefficients (log Kd) were estimated and ranged 0.6–2.3 L kg−1 for individual perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) and 0.9–5.6 L kg−1 for individual perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs). The influence of the sediment inorganic content and organic matter on PFAS distribution was investigated. In studied sediments, the mineral content (corresponding to <5% of the bulk media mass) was mainly represented by sulfur, iron and calcium. The PFAS distribution was found strongly connected to the sediment mineral content (i.e., Fe, Pb, Rb and As), whereas the sediment organic carbon content did not to have a direct influence on the PFAS distribution. The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of the PFAS distribution in the natural heterogeneous media.

ACS Style

Dauren Mussabek; Kenneth M. Persson; Ronny Berndtsson; Lutz Ahrens; Kei Nakagawa; Tomomi Imura. Impact of the Sediment Organic vs. Mineral Content on Distribution of the Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Lake Sediment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5642 .

AMA Style

Dauren Mussabek, Kenneth M. Persson, Ronny Berndtsson, Lutz Ahrens, Kei Nakagawa, Tomomi Imura. Impact of the Sediment Organic vs. Mineral Content on Distribution of the Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Lake Sediment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (16):5642.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dauren Mussabek; Kenneth M. Persson; Ronny Berndtsson; Lutz Ahrens; Kei Nakagawa; Tomomi Imura. 2020. "Impact of the Sediment Organic vs. Mineral Content on Distribution of the Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Lake Sediment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16: 5642.

Journal article
Published: 16 June 2020 in Water
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The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper

ACS Style

Jing Li; Kristofer Hägg; Kenneth M. Persson. Correction: Li, J.; et al. The Impact of Lake Water Quality on the Performance of Mature Artificial Recharge Ponds. Water 2019, 11, 1991. Water 2020, 12, 1 .

AMA Style

Jing Li, Kristofer Hägg, Kenneth M. Persson. Correction: Li, J.; et al. The Impact of Lake Water Quality on the Performance of Mature Artificial Recharge Ponds. Water 2019, 11, 1991. Water. 2020; 12 (6):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing Li; Kristofer Hägg; Kenneth M. Persson. 2020. "Correction: Li, J.; et al. The Impact of Lake Water Quality on the Performance of Mature Artificial Recharge Ponds. Water 2019, 11, 1991." Water 12, no. 6: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Cogent Engineering
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We assess the sustainability of rural electrification in Manica Province, Mozambique, focusing on different alternatives for mini-grid and off-grid power supply. The qualitative assessment considers four dimensions of sustainability, namely environmental, socio-cultural, economic, and institutional. We argue that small-scale hydropower is the most sustainable alternative for off-grid or mini-grid solutions in rural Manica Province with good possibilities to scale up this to the major parts of rural Mozambique. The investigation shows that social acceptance for small-scale hydropower is high. Environmental sustainability of small-scale hydropower is higher than for PV systems. To speed up the electrification process, efficient rural electrification has to connect policy to local scale and institutional strengthening. The legislation needs to be improved, and there is a need for better institutional coordination for hydropower mini-grids’ regulation. Along this line, a national framework to support small and independent power producers is necessary.

ACS Style

Miguel M. Uamusse; Kamshat Tussupova; Kenneth M. Persson; Lars Bengtsson; Ronny Berndtsson; Ahmed Zobaa. Access to sustainable electrification: Possibilities for rural Mozambique. Cogent Engineering 2020, 7 .

AMA Style

Miguel M. Uamusse, Kamshat Tussupova, Kenneth M. Persson, Lars Bengtsson, Ronny Berndtsson, Ahmed Zobaa. Access to sustainable electrification: Possibilities for rural Mozambique. Cogent Engineering. 2020; 7 (1):.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miguel M. Uamusse; Kamshat Tussupova; Kenneth M. Persson; Lars Bengtsson; Ronny Berndtsson; Ahmed Zobaa. 2020. "Access to sustainable electrification: Possibilities for rural Mozambique." Cogent Engineering 7, no. 1: .

Journal article
Published: 16 October 2019 in Water
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In 2009, the Bergaåsen Water Supply Scheme was put into operation to ensure the future drinking water supply of two municipalities in southern Sweden. Bergaåsen replaced two vulnerable water treatment plants. It was implemented in an environment that was characterized by sensitive recipients and limited access to water. This article aims to analyze how strategies were developed to meet sustainability requirements, if this solution has ensured good quantity and high quality after ten years of operation, and the extent of the project’s economic impact on consumers. The project was analyzed as an evidence-based case study using semi-structured interviews, surveys, and document analyses. The study found that the chosen options succeeded in guaranteeing outstanding quality and secure delivery. Over 90% of water users were satisfied and had trust in it, and less than 3% were dissatisfied. The design time for withdrawal capacity has been extended from 30 to 50 years through planned measures. The study clarifies also that, due to some externalities, there has been virtually no economic impact on users. Bergaåsen is a clear case for the value of developing long-term strategies and implementing them in real life.

ACS Style

Nasik Najar; Kenneth M Persson. Strategies, Processes, and Results for the Future Water Supply of the Växjö Municipality Evaluation of an Evidence-Based Case Study of Long-Term Strategies within the Water and Wastewater Sector in Sweden. Water 2019, 11, 2150 .

AMA Style

Nasik Najar, Kenneth M Persson. Strategies, Processes, and Results for the Future Water Supply of the Växjö Municipality Evaluation of an Evidence-Based Case Study of Long-Term Strategies within the Water and Wastewater Sector in Sweden. Water. 2019; 11 (10):2150.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nasik Najar; Kenneth M Persson. 2019. "Strategies, Processes, and Results for the Future Water Supply of the Växjö Municipality Evaluation of an Evidence-Based Case Study of Long-Term Strategies within the Water and Wastewater Sector in Sweden." Water 11, no. 10: 2150.

Journal article
Published: 24 September 2019 in Water
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Artificial groundwater recharge is commonly used for drinking water supply. The resulting water quality is highly dependent on the raw water quality. In many cases, pretreatment is required. Pretreatment improves the drinking water quality, although how and to what extent it affects the subsequent pond water quality and infiltration process, is still unknown. We evaluated two treatment systems by applying different pretreatment methods for raw water from a eutrophic and temperate lake. An artificial recharge pond was divided into two parts, where one received raw water, only filtered through a microscreen with 500 µm pores (control treatment), while the other part received pretreated lake water using chemical flocculation with polyaluminum chloride (PACl) combined with sand filtration, i.e., continuous contact filtration (contact filter treatment). Water quality factors such as cyanobacterial biomass, microcystin, as well as organic matter and nutrients were measured in both treatment processes. Microcystin condition was screened by an immunoassay and a few selected samples were examined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) which is a chemistry technique that combines the physical separation capabilities of liquid chromatography with the mass analysis capabilities of mass spectrometry. Results showed that cyanobacterial biomass and microcystin after the contact filter treatment were significantly different from the control treatment and also significantly different in the pond water. In addition, with contact filter treatment, total phosphorus (TP) and organic matter removal were significantly improved in the end water, TP was reduced by 96% (<20 µg/L) and the total organic carbon (TOC) was reduced by 66% instead of 55% (TOC content around 2.1 mg/L instead of 3.0 mg/L). This full-scale onsite experiment demonstrated effective pretreatment would benefit a more stable water quality system, with less variance and lower microcystin risk. From a broader drinking water management perspective, the presented method is promising for reducing cyanotoxin risk, as well as TP and TOC, which are all predicted to increase with global warming and extreme weather.

ACS Style

Jing Li; Kristofer Hägg; Kenneth M. Persson. The Impact of Lake Water Quality on the Performance of Mature Artificial Recharge Ponds. Water 2019, 11, 1991 .

AMA Style

Jing Li, Kristofer Hägg, Kenneth M. Persson. The Impact of Lake Water Quality on the Performance of Mature Artificial Recharge Ponds. Water. 2019; 11 (10):1991.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing Li; Kristofer Hägg; Kenneth M. Persson. 2019. "The Impact of Lake Water Quality on the Performance of Mature Artificial Recharge Ponds." Water 11, no. 10: 1991.

Wetlands restoration
Published: 05 August 2019 in Wetlands
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The aim of our study was to experimentally investigate whether it is possible to reduce nuisance growth of filamentous algae in freshwater ecosystems. We used an experimental set-up mimicking a shallow pond system and performed a field investigation in the eutrophic moat of Krapperup castle (Southern Sweden), which exemplifies an extremely impaired ecosystem with ample growth of filamentous green algae. The indoor experiment tested three treatments: I) reduced nutrient concentrations, II) invertebrate grazers and III) addition of barley straw, which may constitute measures against filamentous algal growth and thereby improve the quality of the ecosystem services provided by water bodies. Our results show a decrease in cyanobacteria and diatom abundances in all mesocosms as filamentous algae biomass increased, suggesting that the microalgae suffered from nutrient and light competition with filamentous algae. A tendency for lower filamentous algae final biomass, as well as coverage, was observed in the treatment where the concentration of nutrients was reduced. Grazers treatment showed a tendency to inhibit filamentous algae growth on artificial macrophytes towards the end of the experiment, suggesting that snails initially fed on their preferred food source (diatoms), until it was almost depleted and then started to feed on filamentous algae. Interestingly, the barley straw treatment was the only treatment promoting macrophytes growth and enhancing diatom biomass, but this did not affect filamentous algae biomass. However, the ratio between filamentous algae and macrophyte final biomasses was significantly lower in the straw treatment. In a broader context, it is likely that in a long-term perspective the positive effect of barley straw on macrophyte growth will promote a shift from dominance by filamentous algae to macrophytes as main primary producer. Moreover, our experiment shows that barley straw may be effective in reducing cyanobacterial growth, which may lead to improved water quality and thereby ecosystem services, such as supporting and cultural ecosystem services, since cyanobacteria may produce potent toxins and pose a serious risk to human and animal health. Altogether, our experimental results have important implications for the challenge of reversing nuisance filamentous algal blooms in highly eutrophic systems.

ACS Style

Veronica Fervier; Pablo Urrutia-Cordero; Elena Piano; Francesca Bona; Kenneth M. Persson; Lars-Anders Hansson. Evaluating Nutrient Reduction, Grazing and Barley Straw as Measures Against Algal Growth. Wetlands 2019, 40, 193 -202.

AMA Style

Veronica Fervier, Pablo Urrutia-Cordero, Elena Piano, Francesca Bona, Kenneth M. Persson, Lars-Anders Hansson. Evaluating Nutrient Reduction, Grazing and Barley Straw as Measures Against Algal Growth. Wetlands. 2019; 40 (1):193-202.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Veronica Fervier; Pablo Urrutia-Cordero; Elena Piano; Francesca Bona; Kenneth M. Persson; Lars-Anders Hansson. 2019. "Evaluating Nutrient Reduction, Grazing and Barley Straw as Measures Against Algal Growth." Wetlands 40, no. 1: 193-202.

Correction
Published: 05 June 2019 in Water
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The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper

ACS Style

Jing Li; Lars-Anders Hansson; Kenneth M. Persson. Correction: Li, J., et al. Nutrient Control to Prevent the Occurrence of Cyanobacterial Blooms in a Eutrophic Lake in Southern Sweden, Used for Drinking Water Supply. Water 2018, 10, 919. Water 2019, 11, 1172 .

AMA Style

Jing Li, Lars-Anders Hansson, Kenneth M. Persson. Correction: Li, J., et al. Nutrient Control to Prevent the Occurrence of Cyanobacterial Blooms in a Eutrophic Lake in Southern Sweden, Used for Drinking Water Supply. Water 2018, 10, 919. Water. 2019; 11 (6):1172.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing Li; Lars-Anders Hansson; Kenneth M. Persson. 2019. "Correction: Li, J., et al. Nutrient Control to Prevent the Occurrence of Cyanobacterial Blooms in a Eutrophic Lake in Southern Sweden, Used for Drinking Water Supply. Water 2018, 10, 919." Water 11, no. 6: 1172.

Journal article
Published: 14 December 2018 in Water
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Natural organic matter (NOM) is a growing concern for artificial recharge plants. In the future, it is predicted that warmer climates and more precipitation will cause higher NOM production in lakes and more NOM transport to lakes. This, coupled with increasing drinking water demand due to the population increase, is pushing operators of water treatment plants (WTPs) to find new ways to treat water. In this study, the possibility of reducing the organic load in infiltration basins through a compact pre-treatment technique utilizing microsieves, or disc filters, instead of bulky sedimentation basins and rapid sand filters after chemical flocculation to separate flocs, was investigated. The experiments were conducted using a laboratory-scale flocculator, bench-scale disc filters (10 µm and 40 µm), FeCl3, an anionic synthetic polymer, and water from Lake Vomb, a lake in southern Sweden. Raw water was flocculated using FeCl3 and the polymer, and the filtrated samples were analyzed by measuring UV–VIS absorbance, total organic carbon (TOC), and permeate volume. The results when using 10-µm and 40-µm disc filters demonstrate that it is possible to reduce NOM (by approximately 50%) and separate flocs from raw water. The experiments also highlight the importance of sufficient flocculation times and the use of appropriate polymer dosage to achieve higher permeate volumes and avoid residual polymers in the effluent. In this paper, the possibility of using this technique as a standalone treatment step or as a pre-treatment step in order to manage the aquifer recharge is demonstrated.

ACS Style

Kristofer Hägg; Michael Cimbritz; Kenneth M. Persson. Combining Chemical Flocculation and Disc Filtration with Managed Aquifer Recharge. Water 2018, 10, 1854 .

AMA Style

Kristofer Hägg, Michael Cimbritz, Kenneth M. Persson. Combining Chemical Flocculation and Disc Filtration with Managed Aquifer Recharge. Water. 2018; 10 (12):1854.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kristofer Hägg; Michael Cimbritz; Kenneth M. Persson. 2018. "Combining Chemical Flocculation and Disc Filtration with Managed Aquifer Recharge." Water 10, no. 12: 1854.

Article
Published: 11 July 2018 in Water
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Control of nutrients, mainly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), plays a significant role in preventing cyanobacterial blooms (harmful algal blooms (HABs)). This study aims at evaluating changes in the risk of the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms and advancing the understanding of how nitrogen and phosphorus affect the growth of cyanobacteria in a eutrophic lake, Lake Vombsjön, in southern Sweden. Our results show that TP (total phosphorus) has stronger positive correlation with cyanobacteria biomass than DIP (dissolved inorganic phosphorus); DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen) has a stronger negative correlation with cyanobacteria biomass than TN (total nitrogen); and DIN:TP has a stronger negative correlation with cyanobacteria biomass than TN:TP. The highest amount of cyanobacteria biomass, above WHO (World Health Organization) Alert Level 2 (10 mm3/L) for drinking water correspond to the DIP/TP ratio below 10. To diminish the growth of cyanobacteria in Lake Vombsjön, TP and DIN control should be in focus, preferably a TP below 20 µg/L, and the DIN:TP ratio should be maintained at a level of at least above 10, but preferably above 50, thereby reducing the likelihood for a nitrogen limiting situation which may favor cyanobacteria dominating blooms.

ACS Style

Jing Li; Lars-Anders Hansson; Kenneth M. Persson. Nutrient Control to Prevent the Occurrence of Cyanobacterial Blooms in a Eutrophic Lake in Southern Sweden, Used for Drinking Water Supply. Water 2018, 10, 919 .

AMA Style

Jing Li, Lars-Anders Hansson, Kenneth M. Persson. Nutrient Control to Prevent the Occurrence of Cyanobacterial Blooms in a Eutrophic Lake in Southern Sweden, Used for Drinking Water Supply. Water. 2018; 10 (7):919.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing Li; Lars-Anders Hansson; Kenneth M. Persson. 2018. "Nutrient Control to Prevent the Occurrence of Cyanobacterial Blooms in a Eutrophic Lake in Southern Sweden, Used for Drinking Water Supply." Water 10, no. 7: 919.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2018 in Water Research
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While slow sand filters (SSFs) have produced drinking water for more than a hundred years, understanding of their associated microbial communities is limited. In this study, bacteria in influent and effluent water from full-scale SSFs were explored using flow cytometry (FCM) with cytometric histogram image comparison (CHIC) analysis; and routine microbial counts for heterotrophs, total coliforms and Escherichia coli. To assess if FCM can monitor biofilm function, SSFs differing in age and sand composition were compared. FCM profiles from two established filters were indistinguishable. To examine biofilm in the deep sand bed, SSFs were monitored during a scraping event, when the top layer of sand and the schmutzdecke are removed to restore flow through the filter. The performance of an established SSF was stable: total organic carbon (TOC), pH, numbers of heterotrophs, coliforms, E. coli, and FCM bacterial profile were unaffected by scraping. However, the performance of two newly-built SSFs containing new and mixed sand was compromised: breakthrough of both microbial indicators and TOC occurred following scraping. The compromised performance of the new SSFs was reflected in distinct effluent bacterial communities; and, the presence of microbial indicators correlated to influent bacterial communities. This demonstrated that FCM can monitor SSF performance. Removal of the top layer of sand did not alter the effluent water from the established SSF, but did affect that of the SSFs containing new sand. This suggests that the impact of the surface biofilm on effluent water is greater when the deep sand bed biofilm is not established.

ACS Style

Sandy Chan; Kristjan Pullerits; Janine Riechelmann; Kenneth M. Persson; Peter Rådström; Catherine J. Paul. Monitoring biofilm function in new and matured full-scale slow sand filters using flow cytometric histogram image comparison (CHIC). Water Research 2018, 138, 27 -36.

AMA Style

Sandy Chan, Kristjan Pullerits, Janine Riechelmann, Kenneth M. Persson, Peter Rådström, Catherine J. Paul. Monitoring biofilm function in new and matured full-scale slow sand filters using flow cytometric histogram image comparison (CHIC). Water Research. 2018; 138 ():27-36.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sandy Chan; Kristjan Pullerits; Janine Riechelmann; Kenneth M. Persson; Peter Rådström; Catherine J. Paul. 2018. "Monitoring biofilm function in new and matured full-scale slow sand filters using flow cytometric histogram image comparison (CHIC)." Water Research 138, no. : 27-36.

Review
Published: 28 June 2018 in Water
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Drinking water production utilities rely on, among other processes, different filtration technologies like bank filtration and slow sand filters, as well as pressure, roughing, or rapid gravity filters that, together with low- and high-pressure operating membranes, help to ensure high quality drinking water for millions of customers all over the world. The global market of membrane separation technologies is projected to reach USD 11.95 Billion by 2021, encompassing water treatment, wastewater treatment, food and beverage processing, industrial gas processing, and pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. In addition to the current, polymer-based membrane separation technologies, new promising strategies using embedded functional motifs, water and ion channels, are expected to play a key role in the next generation of membranes for separation purposes, which are of paramount relevance for drinking water production utilities. In this review, we summarize the different strategies for developing new advanced membranes with a wide variety of functional motifs, like biological and artificial water and ion channels, and their possible impact on drinking water applications.

ACS Style

Alfredo Gonzalez-Perez; Kenneth M. Persson; Frank Lipnizki. Functional Channel Membranes for Drinking Water Production. Water 2018, 10, 859 .

AMA Style

Alfredo Gonzalez-Perez, Kenneth M. Persson, Frank Lipnizki. Functional Channel Membranes for Drinking Water Production. Water. 2018; 10 (7):859.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alfredo Gonzalez-Perez; Kenneth M. Persson; Frank Lipnizki. 2018. "Functional Channel Membranes for Drinking Water Production." Water 10, no. 7: 859.

Technical article
Published: 23 January 2018 in Mine Water and the Environment
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A modelling methodology was developed that simulates the resulting pH and alkalinity in the mixing zone when acidic water is discharged into a river. The input to the model are the: pH, alkalinity, flow, and temperature of both the river water and the acidic discharge. Two different scenarios were simulated: (1) a change of pH in the acidic discharge, assuming constant flow; and (2) a change in the flow of the acidic discharge, assuming constant pH. The model incorporates the effect of carbonic acid and the modelled values agree well with the laboratory results. The model setup was subsequently used to predict the anticipated effect of contamination of the Zambezi River in Mozambique. The results indicate that the river will be impacted if the average pH of the water in the tributaries coming from the mining area is below 3. The model could be used by water managers to predict the potential impact of acidic discharges in poorly monitored rivers. 建立模拟酸性废水排入河流混水区的pH值和碱度模型。模型输入量包括:河水的pH、碱度、流量、温度及酸性废水的排放量。模拟了两种情形:(1) 假定酸性废水的排放量为定值而pH值改变;(2) 假定排放酸性废水的pH值为定值而排放量改变。模型考虑了碳酸的作用及影响。模拟结果与实验室结果非常吻合。应用该模型预测了莫桑比克Zambezi河污染及影响。结果表明,当源自矿区支流的平均pH值小于3时,河水水质将受影响。模型有助于预测排放酸性废水对缺少监测河流的影响。 Es wurde eine Modellierungsmethode entwickelt, die den pH-Wert und die Alkaninität in der Mischungszone simuliert, wenn saures Wasser in einen Fluss eingeleitet wird. Die Eingangsdaten für das Modell sind: pH, Alkalinität, Durchfluss und Temperatur des Flusses und der sauren Einleitung. Zwei unterschiedliche Szenarien werden simuliert: (1) ein Wechsel des pH der sauren Einleitung unter Annahme konstanten Durchflusses und (2) ein Wechsel des Durchflusses der sauren Einleitung unter Annahme eines konstanten pH-Wertes. Das Modell berücksichtigt den Effekt des Karbonat-Systems. Die modellierten Werte stimmen gut mit Laborergebnissen überein. Das Modell wurde benutzt, um den Effekt der erwarteten Kontamination des Sambesi in Mosambique zu bestimmen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Fluss geschädigt wird, wenn der mittlere pH-Wert der Zuflüsse aus Bergbaubereichen unter 3 liegt. Das Modell kann in der Wasserbewirtschaftung für die Vorhersage von Schädigungen von Flüssen durch saure Einleitungen bei geringer Monitoringintensität benutzt werden. Se desarrolló un modelo que simula el pH y la alcalinidad en la zona de mezclado cuando agua ácida se descarga en un río. Los datos de entrada para el modelo son: pH, alcalinidad, flujo y temperatura tanto del agua de río como de la descarga ácida. Se simularon dos escenarios diferentes: (1) un cambio de pH en la descarga ácida, suponiendo flujo...

ACS Style

Clemencio Nhantumbo; Rolf Larsson; Magnus Larson; Dinis Juízo; Kenneth M. Persson. A Simplified Model to Simulate pH and Alkalinity in the Mixing Zone Downstream of an Acidic Discharge. Mine Water and the Environment 2018, 37, 552 -564.

AMA Style

Clemencio Nhantumbo, Rolf Larsson, Magnus Larson, Dinis Juízo, Kenneth M. Persson. A Simplified Model to Simulate pH and Alkalinity in the Mixing Zone Downstream of an Acidic Discharge. Mine Water and the Environment. 2018; 37 (3):552-564.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Clemencio Nhantumbo; Rolf Larsson; Magnus Larson; Dinis Juízo; Kenneth M. Persson. 2018. "A Simplified Model to Simulate pH and Alkalinity in the Mixing Zone Downstream of an Acidic Discharge." Mine Water and the Environment 37, no. 3: 552-564.

Journal article
Published: 13 September 2017 in Water
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Membrane hybrid processes—coagulation coupled with ultrafiltration (UF)—have become a common method to comply with the legal, chemical, and microbiological requirements for drinking water. The main advantages of integrating coagulation with membrane filtration are the enhanced removal of natural organic matter (NOM) and reduced membrane fouling. With in-line coagulation, coagulants are patched into the feed stream directly prior to the membrane process, without removing the coagulated solids. Compared with conventional coagulation/sedimentation, in-line coagulation/membrane reduces the treatment time and footprint. Coagulant dosing could be challenging in raw water of varying quality; however, with relatively stable specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA), dosing can be controlled. Recent studies indicate that UV absorbance correlates well with humic substances (HS), the major fraction to be removed during coagulation. This paper describes and evaluates a 30-month UF pilot trial on the surface water of Lake Neden (Sweden), providing drinking water to 60,000 residents. In this study, automatic coagulant dosing based on online measurement was successfully applied. Online sensor data were used to identify the current optimal aluminium coagulation conditions (0.5–0.7 mg L−1) and the potential boundaries (0.9–1.2 mg L−1) for efficient future (2040) NOM removal. The potential increase in NOM could affect the Al dose and drinking water quality significantly within 20 years, should the current trends in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) prevail. UV absorbance, the freshness index, and liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) measurements were used to optimise the process. Careful cross-calibration of raw and filtered samples is recommended when using online sensor data for process optimisation, even in low-turbidity water (formazin nephelometric unit (FNU) < 5).

ACS Style

Alexander Keucken; Gerald Heinicke; Kenneth M. Persson; Stephan J. Köhler. Combined Coagulation and Ultrafiltration Process to Counteract Increasing NOM in Brown Surface Water. Water 2017, 9, 697 .

AMA Style

Alexander Keucken, Gerald Heinicke, Kenneth M. Persson, Stephan J. Köhler. Combined Coagulation and Ultrafiltration Process to Counteract Increasing NOM in Brown Surface Water. Water. 2017; 9 (9):697.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexander Keucken; Gerald Heinicke; Kenneth M. Persson; Stephan J. Köhler. 2017. "Combined Coagulation and Ultrafiltration Process to Counteract Increasing NOM in Brown Surface Water." Water 9, no. 9: 697.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2017 in Separation and Purification Technology
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In this study a Partial Least Squares Projection of Latent Structures (PLS) model has been developed forpredicting the rejection of pharmaceutical residuals by nanofiltration (NF) using treated municipalwastewater as feed. The objective was to provide a practical tool for wastewater reuse facilities for estimatingthe rejection of emerging organic contaminants based on their physiochemical characteristics.The model was developed by identifying the important physiochemical properties of pharmaceuticalresiduals for rejection by NF. The investigated pharmaceuticals were those present in the effluent fromHenriksdal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), Sweden. The rejection, at volume reduction factors(VRF) ranging from 2 to 20, was examined in a NF pilot plant at two occasions.The important variables for rejection by NF were, in descending order: polarizability, globularity, ratiohydrophobic to polar water accessible surface area and compound charge.Two studies were performed with a time interval of about a year with different wastewater matricesand age of membranes. For different VRFs, but in the same study, the model produced consistent predictedrejections. For the same VRF, but in the different studies, the regression lines were almost parallel,but with a deviation of about 7% for the predicted values. Most of the compounds were within the 95%prediction interval. The model also proved to be able to predict rejection using data from the literature.This confirms that the predictive PLS model can estimate the rejection albeit, with limitations. Generallythe proposed predictive rejection model is most likely valid but the model coefficients need to be determinedfor each individual WWTP or wastewater reuse facility

ACS Style

Lena Flyborg; Berndt Björlenius; Magnus Ullner; Kenneth M. Persson. A PLS model for predicting rejection of trace organic compounds by nanofiltration using treated wastewater as feed. Separation and Purification Technology 2017, 174, 212 -221.

AMA Style

Lena Flyborg, Berndt Björlenius, Magnus Ullner, Kenneth M. Persson. A PLS model for predicting rejection of trace organic compounds by nanofiltration using treated wastewater as feed. Separation and Purification Technology. 2017; 174 ():212-221.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lena Flyborg; Berndt Björlenius; Magnus Ullner; Kenneth M. Persson. 2017. "A PLS model for predicting rejection of trace organic compounds by nanofiltration using treated wastewater as feed." Separation and Purification Technology 174, no. : 212-221.