Background: More sensitive and less burdensome efficacy end points are urgently needed to improve the effectiveness of clinical drug development for Alzheimer disease (AD). Although conventional end points lack sensitivity, digital technologies hold promise for amplifying the detection of treatment signals and capturing cognitive anomalies at earlier disease stages. Using digital technologies and combining several test modalities allow for the collection of richer information about cognitive and functional status, which is not ascertainable via conventional paper-and-pencil tests. Objective: This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties, operational feasibility, and patient acceptance of 10 promising technologies that are to be used as efficacy end points to measure cognition in future clinical drug trials. Methods: The Method for Evaluating Digital Endpoints in Alzheimer Disease study is an exploratory, cross-sectional, noninterventional study that will evaluate 10 digital technologies’ ability to accurately classify participants into 4 cohorts according to the severity of cognitive impairment and dementia. Moreover, this study will assess the psychometric properties of each of the tested digital technologies, including the acceptable range to assess ceiling and floor effects, concurrent validity to correlate digital outcome measures to traditional paper-and-pencil tests in AD, reliability to compare test and retest, and responsiveness to evaluate the sensitivity to change in a mild cognitive challenge model. This study included 50 eligible male and female participants (aged between 60 and 80 years), of whom 13 (26%) were amyloid-negative, cognitively healthy participants (controls); 12 (24%) were amyloid-positive, cognitively healthy participants (presymptomatic); 13 (26%) had mild cognitive impairment (predementia); and 12 (24%) had mild AD (mild dementia). This study involved 4 in-clinic visits. During the initial visit, all participants completed all conventional paper-and-pencil assessments. During the following 3 visits, the participants underwent a series of novel digital assessments. Results: Participant recruitment and data collection began in June 2020 and continued until June 2021. Hence, the data collection occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic (SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic). Data were successfully collected from all digital technologies to evaluate statistical and operational performance and patient acceptance. This paper reports the baseline demographics and characteristics of the population studied as well as the study's progress during the pandemic. Conclusions: This study was designed to generate feasibility insights and validation data to help advance novel digital technologies in clinical drug development. The learnings from this study will help guide future methods for assessing novel digital technologies and inform clinical drug trials in early AD, aiming to enhance clinical end point strategies with digital technologies. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/35442

El maltrato infantil es un grave problema social y de salud con una prevalencia del 30% en América Latina. El objetivo de la presente investigación es determinar las consecuencias del maltrato infantil en el Hospital General del Sur de Maracaibo-Venezuela. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, con una muestra de tipo no probabilística intencional de 110 niños, se aplicaron instrumentos para la clasificación del maltrato infantil, severidad del maltrato por omisión, notificación del nivel de gravedad, estratificación social, situación funcional familiar y consecuencias psicológicas entre enero del 2010 y diciembre del 2016. Los resultados establecen que el maltrato infantil representa una experiencia adversa en el hogar con una alta frecuencia de violencia física, disfunción familiar grave y pobreza extrema, que origina desnutrición infantil, baja autoestima, agresividad, tristeza, bajo rendimiento escolar e infecciones de trasmisión sexual. En conclusión, el maltrato infantil en el hogar produce consecuencias biopsicosociales graves, que repercuten en la salud física y emocional, y por tanto, necesita la intervención médica, psicológica y jurídica, que fomente la responsabilidad social de las empresas, para el apoyo económico de los programas de orientación y mediación familiar, permitiendo a mujeres y niños una vida feliz libre de violencia

Background: Deterioration of physical coordinative capacity, balance and falls cause significant physical repercussions in the older adult population. Objective: to design a program for gait balance training in older adults at risk of falls using Virtual Reality. Methods: descriptive study, with quantitative approach, longitudinal cut, fifteen older adults with an age range from 65 to 84 years belonging to the care unit "Dulce Hogar" of one of the MIES projects participated, all of them executed the program through virtual reality for 16 weeks with a frequency of 1 session per week. Participants were evaluated before and after the intervention using the Tinetti scale and the unipodal (timed) station. Results: for the statistical analysis the SPSS version 29.0 computer system was used, the Student's t-test was used with a statistical significance p<0.05, yielding results of p<0.001 in all parameters tested: balance, gait and risk of falls. The results were expressed in statistical tables with their respective analyses. Conclusions: Virtual Reality applied in a gait balance training program for the elderly is beneficial because it showed a better balance, better gait performance and decreased the risk of falls in the elderly.

Background: Eye movements can reflect brain alterations and inform on the presence of motor disabilities and cognitive impairments in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between motor and cognitive measurements and eye movement parameters when performing the n-back task (NBKT). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at Ramos Mejía Hospital, a center specialized in demyelinating diseases in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The study population consisted of 66 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 5 patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). pwMS performed the n-back test while using a device head mounted display (HMD) with eyetracking capabilities in order to capture eye movement. Clinical motor and cognitive measures were assessed with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT), Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FW), and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Results: pwMS showed strong and statistically significant correlations between gaze duration; number of fixations, saccade amplitude and motor disabilities and cognitive impairments as measured by EDSS, NHPT, T25FW, and SDMT. Conclusion: This study found significant correlations between eye movement behavior and motor and cognitive disability in pwMS. These findings suggest that eye movements have the potential to be used as a surrogate biomarker in MS progression.

Introduction: Childhood malnutrition, a serious public health problem in children and adolescents, with changes in body composition, homeostasis of the body, neurodevelopment and alterations in mental health. Objective: Describe the effects of malnutrition on neurodevelopment and children's mental health. Methods: Narrative review study, with a documentary, non-systematic and descriptive design in scientific databases: Pubmed, Scopus, SciELO, Redalyc and Google Scholar, using Health Sciences descriptors, whose selection criteria were complete articles published between 2018 -2023, in English and Spanish. Results: Families with better socioeconomic status have children with a higher risk of suffering from malnutrition due to overweight and obesity, while malnutrition is more common in children from low-income families in poorer countries; However, changes in the epidemiology of diseases due to malnutrition with emotional alterations were prevalent in developed countries, considered a global problem. People diagnosed with psychiatric illnesses, reported with childhood trauma, such as abuse and/or maltreatment, may be at greater risk of suffering from malnutrition due to eating disorders. Conclusions: Nutrition is the greatest environmental influence on childhood neurodevelopment, due to the impact on mental health that begins with maternal prenatal malnutrition, alters neurodevelopment and increases the postnatal risk of decreased cognitive function, behavioral disorders and greater susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disorders. Similarly, obesity during pregnancy predisposes the fetus to a phenotype with neurodevelopmental impairments, producing postnatal alterations in executive functions, decreased impulse control, and compulsive eating behaviors

Investigación en enfermería, innovaciones tecnológicas y su importancia en la transversalidad curricular