Objective: The objective of the present investigation is to improve the solubility of valsartan and prepare immediate release tablets. Materials and methods: To increase the solubility and bioavailability of valsartan, a low-soluble antihypertensive drug, immediate release dosage forms were formulated by a direct compression method using a solid dispersion technique with three different carriers (β-cyclodextrin, polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 and poloxamer 188) at three different ratios (1:3, 1:4 and 1:5). Nine physical mixtures (PM1–PM9) were prepared and various physical parameters were characterised in in vitro release studies. Results: Out of the prepared physical mixtures, PM8 showed the best results, with 94.2% of the drug dissolving within 30 min. Formulation PM8 solid dispersion further used for the preparation of valsartan immediate release tablets by using sodium starch glycolate superdisintegrant, at different concentrations (3%, 4% and 5%; i.e., IF1, IF2 and IF3 formulations, respectively). The optimised formulation showed friability and disintegration values of 0.456±0.9 and 6.2±0.4 min. Among the three immediate release formulations, IF2, which contains 4% sodium starch glycolate, demonstrated an 84.46% drug release in 30 min and a 99.69% drug release in 1 hr, indicating increased drug solubility. When compared with a valsartan pure drug, the solubility of the solid dispersion increased by 135.06-fold. Discussion and conclusion: The results show that the optimised IF2 formulation demonstrated enhanced drug solubility by 135.06-fold, using a solid dispersion technique with poloxamer 188. This can be explained by the conversion of crystalline to an amorphous form of drug, leading to a reduction in the contact angle between the drug and the gastric medium. It can be concluded that poloxamer 188 is a suitable carrier and that use of a physical mixture technique is an applicable method to improve the solubility of valsartan.

Background Diabetic mellitus is the oldest and most commonly occurring disease known as a life-threatening disease in all age groups from the past 3000 years ago, which is taking away the liveliness from the persons and shortening their lives based on the prevalence. Materials and Methods The present research work is to enhance the solubility and dissolution of gliclazide by preparing stable solid dispersions with Polaxomer-188, Polaxomer-407, Cremophor-RH-40, Solutol-HS-15 as solubilizing agents to formulating gliclazide fast-dissolving tablets. Solid dispersions were prepared by physical mixture, solvent evaporation and melting technique with the drug to carrier ratio of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 w/w respectively. Prepared formulations were evaluated by FTIR, DSC, XRD, SEM and in vitro dissolution performance. Results and Discussion Results showed that the solubility has increased 43.29 folds with enhancement in solubility of prepared solid dispersion formulations when compared to gliclazide drug. FTIR studies showed the retainment of a few individual characteristics group peaks in the drug structure. XRD pattern and DSC thermograms showed a significant change in crystallinity to amorphous of gliclazide. From the study, poloxamer-407 was indicated as the suitable carrier and melting technique as a suitable method for enhancement of solubility and dissolution of gliclazide. Optimized solid dispersion was further prepared into fast-dissolving tablets and was evaluated for pre and post-compression studies. Conclusion From the obtained data, it was concluded that Polaxomer-407 can be used as the solubilizing agent with low concentration in the preparation of fast-dissolving tablets.

Bi-gels semi solid formulation is combination of organogel and hydrogel with better application property such as pharmaceutical and cosmetics. The main objective of this review is specially focuses on application of bi-gels as drug delivery vehicles by transdermal route. It contains two different phases which are polar and nonpolar due to which, it possess some significant features such as ability to deliver the hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs which also have improved permeability of drugs, better spreading ability, and water wash ability. Hence, bigels have both organogels and hydrogels they can enhanced hydration of stratum corneum and also had an ability to manipulate the drug release rate from the dosage from.

Significant advancements have been made in controlled drug delivery systems in recent years, especially for oral administration. Conventional methods, although groundbreaking, encounter significant constraints when handling drugs with weak acidity or alkalinity because of their solubility being influenced by pH. The release rates of these ionizable drugs are subject to variability, which is influenced by factors such as the pH of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), patient-specific conditions, and whether the patient is in a fed or fasted state. As a result, there is often a lack of correlation between in vitro and in vivo data. Therefore, it is imperative to develop drug delivery systems that are not affected by changes in pH in order to address these limitations. This review delves into different strategies that have been developed to achieve drug release that is not affected by changes in pH. These strategies include the utilisation of Diffucaps technology, the incorporation of pH modifiers and surfactants, the combination of non-ionic and ionic polymers, the implementation of supersaturating techniques with nucleation inhibitors, and the utilisation of osmotic drug delivery systems. We assess the efficacy of these methods in reducing the influence of pH fluctuations on the solubility and release rates of drugs. In addition, we explore the potential of these innovative techniques to enhance the reliability and predictability of drug delivery, ultimately leading to better therapeutic results. This review provides an in-depth information of various pH independent controlled drug delivery based formulation and By summarizing the existing technologies and looking into the future, the importance of innovation in pH independent delivery systems is emphasised, laying a good foundation for the future design of simple drug delivery systems, which will be conducive to achieving a wider range of applications in oral drug delivery system.

Objective: The present research work is mainly focused on solubility enhancement of domperidone which is a biopharmaceutical classification system Class II drug using natural and synthetic polymers. Methods: The solubility was enhanced by the kneading method with the drug: polymer (1:0.5, 1:0.75, and 1:1) using β-cyclodextrin. The fast dissolving films (FDFs) of domperidone were prepared by incorporating the solid dispersion (SD) SDK3 by solvent casting method using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K15 M (HPMC) and gellan gum in various concentrations for preparing FDFs. Various pre- and post-compression parameters, drug and excipients compatibility studies were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Results: The maximum drug release of 98.86 % was achieved within 30 min for 1:1 ratio of solid dispersion using β-cyclodextrin, was optimized and taken for further development of FDFs. From the in vitro drug release studies films prepared with 10% w/w of HPMC K 15 (FH5) and 10% w/w of gellan gum (FG5) showed enhanced dissolution rate compared to other formulations. The formulation FHG with combination of polymers, namely, HPMC K 15 and gellan gum in 1:1 ratio showed drug release of 97.22% within 15 min only when compared with the optimized formulations. FTIR and DSC studies revealed that there were no interactions between drug and excipients. XRD studies revealed slight conversion of crystalline form to amorphous. The optimized formulation FHG found to be stable under accelerated stability studies. Conclusions: The polymers in combination are a potential candidate for use in the formulation of FDF.