Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. This work aims to investigate the translational potential of a multi-omics study (comprising metabolomics, lipidomics, glycomics, and metallomics) in revealing biomechanistic insights into AMI. Following the N-glycomics and metallomics studies performed by our group previously, untargeted metabolomic and lipidomic profiles were generated and analysed in this work via the use of a simultaneous metabolite/lipid extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis workflow. The workflow was applied to blood plasma samples from AMI cases (n = 101) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 66). The annotated metabolomic (number of features, n = 27) and lipidomic (n = 48) profiles, along with the glycomic (n = 37) and metallomic (n = 30) profiles of the same set of AMI and healthy samples were integrated and analysed. The integration method used here works by identifying a linear combination of maximally correlated features across the four omics datasets, via utilising both block-partial least squares-discriminant analysis (block-PLS-DA) based on sparse generalised canonical correlation analysis. Based on the multi-omics mapping of biomolecular interconnections, several postulations were derived. These include the potential roles of glycerophospholipids in N-glycan-modulated immunoregulatory effects, as well as the augmentation of the importance of Ca–ATPases in cardiovascular conditions, while also suggesting contributions of phosphatidylethanolamine in their functions. Moreover, it was shown that combining the four omics datasets synergistically enhanced the classifier performance in discriminating between AMI and healthy subjects. Fresh and intriguing insights into AMI, otherwise undetected via single-omics analysis, were revealed in this multi-omics study. Taken together, we provide evidence that a multi-omics strategy may synergistically reinforce and enhance our understanding of diseases.

This study investigates the still uncertain association between serum phospholipid fatty acids (PL-FA), and anthropometric and adiposity variables. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1443 Spanish premenopausal women. Participants answered an epidemiological and a food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric variables were measured using a bioimpedance scale. Serum PL-FAs levels were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The association between body mass index (BMI), weight gain, body fat percentage, visceral fat index, and waist circumference with serum PL-FAs and desaturation indices was evaluated using multivariable linear regression models. BMI was positively associated with the relative concentration of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (β = 0.94, q-val = 0.001), and with palmitoleic, dihomo-γ-linolenic (DGLA), arachidonic (AA) and α-linolenic acids, and was inversely associated with oleic, gondoic, trans-vaccenic, linoleic and γ-linolenic acids. Total fat percentage was positively associated with DGLA and AA, and inversely with linoleic and γ-linolenic acids. Low relative concentrations of some SFAs and high levels of n-6 PUFAs were associated with greater waist circumference. While the oleic/stearic and AA/DGLA acid ratios were inversely associated with BMI, DGLA/linoleic acid ratio was positively related to almost all variables. In addition to BMI, total fat percentage and waist circumference were also associated with certain individual fatty acids.

This study evaluates whether serum phospholipids fatty acids (PL-FAs) and markers of their endogenous metabolism are associated with breast cancer (BC) subtypes. EpiGEICAM is a Spanish multicenter matched case-control study. A lifestyle and food frequency questionnaire was completed by 1017 BC cases and healthy women pairs. Serum PL-FA percentages were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Conditional and multinomial logistic regression models were used to quantify the association of PL-FA tertiles with BC risk, overall and by pathological subtype (luminal, HER2+ and triple negative). Stratified analyses by body mass index and menopausal status were also performed. Serum PL-FAs were measured in 795 (78%) pairs. Women with high serum levels of stearic acid (odds ratio (OR)_T3vsT1 = 0.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.30–0.66), linoleic acid (OR_T3vsT1 = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.49–0.90) and arachidonic to dihomo-γ-linolenic acid ratio (OR _T3vsT1 = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.48–0.84) presented lower BC risk. Participants with high concentrations of palmitoleic acid (OR_T3vsT1 = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.20–2.26), trans-ruminant palmitelaidic acid (OR_T3vsT1 = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.12–2.02), trans-industrial elaidic acid (OR_T3vsT1 = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.14–2.03), and high oleic to stearic acid ratio (OR_T3vsT1 = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.45–2.87) showed higher risk. These associations were similar in all BC pathological subtypes. Our results emphasize the importance of analyzing fatty acids individually, as well as the desaturase activity indices.

Nematode surveys in natural environments in the Iberian Peninsula detected three unidentified Xenocriconemella populations that closely resembled the X. macrodora-species complex, but utilization of integrative taxonomy confirmed that they comprised a new taxon described in this paper as X. andreaesp. nov. Only females were detected in the new species (considered parthenogenetic) and delineated with a bare body (274–353 µm); lip region with two annuli, continuous with body delineation; second lip annulus enclosed by the first one. Flexible and thin stylet (88.0–99.0 µm), representing 30.4–47.8% of total body length. The excretory pore is positioned 2–3 annuli posterior to the level of stylet knobs, at 101.5 (87–107) µm from the lip region. Female genital tract: monodelphic, prodelphic, large, and representing 34.4–52.4% of the body length; vagina slightly ventrally curved. The anus is located at (6–9) annuli from the rear end. Tail short, conoid, and blunt round terminus. Ribosomal and mitochondrial markers (D2-D3 expansion domains of 28S, ITS, partial 18S rRNA, and COI), as well as molecular phylogenetic analyses of sequences, confirmed this new taxon, and it was clearly delineated from X. macrodora and species within the species complex (X. costaricense, X. iberica, X. paraiberica, and X. pradense).

Most research on saffron has focused on its composition and beneficial effects, while the culinary perspective to enhance its gastronomic potential remains unexplored. This study aims to define the transfer of the main compounds responsible for color, flavor, and aromatic properties, evaluating three critical variables: temperature (60 °C, 80 °C and 100 °C), infusion time (ranging from 10 to 30 min), and the composition of the medium (water, oil, and water/oil). Samples were analyzed using the LC-QTOF MS/MS and ISO 3632-1:2011 methods. The major compounds were crocins, including trans-crocin and picrocrocin. Among the flavonoids, kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside stands out. Regarding extraction conditions, crocins, glycoside flavonoids, and picrocrocin were enhanced in water, the former in 100% water and at low temperatures, while picrocrocin proved to be the most stable compound with extraction favored at high temperatures. The variable with the greatest incidence of picrocrocin isolation seemed to be the concentration of water since water/oil compositions reported higher concentrations. Safranal and kaempferol were enriched in the oil phase and at lower temperatures. This study provides a chemical interpretation for the appropriate gastronomic use of saffron according to its versatility. Finally, the determination of safranal using the ISO method did not correlate with that obtained using chromatography.