Accurate prediction of PM_2.5 (particle pollution from fine particulate) concentration is crucial for environmental protection and public health. Precipitable water vapor (PWV) in the atmosphere is an important meteorological element with stratification properties, which plays a crucial role in energy transfer, weather dynamics, and PM_2.5 generation. However, past studies tend to use total PWV as an input parameter, neglecting the impact of PWV variations in different altitude layers on PM_2.5 concentration. To overcome this limitation, this study proposes an innovative approach that employs stratified water vapor data (ERA5-PWV) calculated from the ERA5 reanalysis data instead of the total PWV obtained using the traditional method. This approach provides a more accurate representation of the vertical distribution of atmospheric PWV and enhances the prediction of PM_2.5 content. In this study, the stratified ERA5 PWV in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region is integrated with other meteorological elements and atmospheric pollutants, and the FFT-ConvLSTM method, characterized by its spatio-temporal properties, is utilized to predict the PM_2.5 concentration by incorporating the spatio-temporal correlation. The FFT-ConvLSTM model is modeled by extracting spatio-temporal features through ConvLSTM, following the identification of the optimal common change period of each element using the FFT technique. This process mitigates the problem of spatio-temporal heterogeneity among elements, thus, realizing the high-precision prediction of gridded PM_2.5 concentration in the next 24 h. The research results show that among the results of different layers of ERA5-PWV combinations involved in the prediction of PM_2.5 concentrations in the research region, divided into three parts of the research region—plains, mountains, and plateaus—the stratified ERA5-PWV from layers 1–4 with pressure levels consistently outperformed the total ERA5-PWV in accuracy, and the RMSEs of the predicted results for the PM_2.5 concentrations were each reduced by 0.862 μg/m³, 5.384 μg/m³ and 1.706 μg/m³.

Concrete is a cornerstone material in the construction industry owing to its versatile performance; however, its inherent brittleness, low tensile strength, and poor permeability resistance limit its broader application. Graphene, with its exceptional thermal conductivity, stable lattice structure, and high specific surface area, presents a transformative solution to these challenges. Despite its promise, comprehensive studies on the multifunctional properties and underlying mechanisms of graphene-enhanced concrete remain scarce. In this study, we developed a novel concrete composite incorporating cement, coarse sand, crushed stone, water, and graphene, systematically investigating the effects of the graphene dosage and curing duration on its performance. Our results demonstrate that graphene incorporation markedly improves the material’s density, brittleness, thermal conductivity, and permeability resistance. Notably, a comprehensive analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and thermogravimetric (TG) data demonstrates that graphene-modified concrete exhibits a denser microstructure and the enhanced formation of hydration products compared to conventional concrete. In addition, the graphene-reinforced concrete exhibited a 44% increase in compressive strength, a 0.7% enhancement in the photothermal absorption capacity, a 0.4% decrease in maximum heat release, a 0.8% increase in heat-storage capacity, and a 200% reduction in the maximum penetration depth. These findings underscore the significant potential of graphene-reinforced concrete for advanced construction applications, offering superior mechanical strength, thermal regulation, and durability.

This study examined the thermal reflective properties of composite inorganic coatings applied to various wall types. It evaluated the influence of these coatings on the thermal insulation and reflectivity of the walls. The findings indicate that coating application markedly enhances a wall’s thermal insulation capabilities and increases its heat flux reflection ratio. These results offer crucial theoretical backing and practical guidance for the future use of coating technologies in construction. By refining the coating formulations and application processes, the thermal insulation properties of walls can be further enhanced, thus making a significant contribution to building energy efficiency and environmental protection. Consequently, this research provides essential references and insights for advancing coating technology in the construction industry.

This study examined the thermal reflective properties and mechanisms of composite inorganic coatings applied to various wall types. It evaluated the influence of these coatings on the thermal insulation and reflectivity of walls. The findings indicate that coating application markedly enhances the wall's thermal insulation capabilities and increases the heat flux reflection ratio. These results offer crucial theoretical backing and practical guidance for the future use of coating technologies in construction. By refining the coating formulations and application processes, the thermal insulation properties of walls can be further enhanced, thus making a significant contribution to building energy efficiency and environmental protection. Consequently, this research provides essential references and insights for advancing coating technology in the construction industry.

Concrete is a cornerstone material in the construction industry owing to its versatile performance; however, its inherent brittleness, low tensile strength, and poor permeability resistance limit its broader application. Graphene, with its exceptional thermal conductivity, stable lattice structure, and high specific surface area, presents a transformative solution to these challenges. Despite its promise, comprehensive studies on the multifunctional properties and underlying mechanisms of graphene-enhanced concrete remain scarce. In this study, we developed a novel concrete composite incorporating cement, coarse sand, crushed stone, water, and graphene, systematically investigating the effects of graphene dosage and curing duration on its performance. Our results demonstrate that graphene incorporation markedly improves the material’s density, brittleness, thermal conductivity, and permeability resistance. Notably, the graphene-reinforced concrete exhibited a 44% increase in compressive strength, a 7.5% enhancement in photothermal absorption capacity, and a 200% reduction in water permeability compared to conventional concrete. Additionally, the composite showed a 5.5% decrease in maximum heat release and a 13% increase in heat storage capacity. These findings underscore the significant potential of graphene-reinforced concrete for advanced construction applications, offering superior mechanical strength, thermal regulation, and durability.