Background/objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause community-acquired infections affecting various body sites. The present retrospective study investigated the genetic diversity of 173 isolates (166 clinical, 7 environmental) of P. aeruginosa collected from clinical pathology laboratories in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (2001–2011). Methods: Multiple-Locus Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) Analysis (MLVA) using 13 loci was applied to all isolates and compared to published MLVA data. The antibiotics status of the isolates was compiled when available and compared to published profiles. Results: Among 95 isolates analyzed for their antibiotics status, 14 displayed concerning resistance profiles: five multidrug-resistant (MDR) and nine extensively drug-resistant (XDR). MLVA typing revealed a high genetic diversity (>130 genotypes), with many genotypes represented by a single strain. Notably, thirteen clusters (≥4 related isolates) were observed. Some clusters displayed close genetic relatedness to isolates from France, Korea, and well-studied strains (ST560, LES and PA14). Comparative analysis suggested the presence of international high-risk MDR clones (CC233, CC111) in Côte d’Ivoire. Importantly, MLVA clustering revealed a close relationship of CC235-MDR strains with a locally identified cluster (group 9). Conclusions: These findings support MLVA as a reliable and cost-effective tool for low-resource settings, allowing the selection of relevant strains for future whole genome sequence analyses. This approach can improve outbreak investigations and public health interventions aimed at curbing MDR P. aeruginosa transmission within hospitals and at the national level.

Background: The global spread of extended‐spectrum β ‐lactamase (ESBL)–producing Enterobacterales in livestock poses critical threats to human and animal health, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries. This study investigated the prevalence, antibiotic resistance profiles, and genetic determinants of ESBL‐producing Enterobacterales in healthy chickens from poultry farms in Grand‐Abidjan and Korhogo, Côte d′Ivoire, alongside antibiotic use practices in the sector. Methods: A semistructured questionnaire assessed veterinary practices across 26 farms, whereas chicken fecal samples from 27 farms were screened for third‐generation cephalosporin‐resistant Enterobacterales. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of ESBL producers was performed, along with antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 12 antibiotics. Results: All farmers reported antibiotic use, primarily tetracyclines (76.9%), macrolides (69.2%), polymyxins (61.5%), aminoglycosides (57.7%), and sulfonamides (53.8%), mainly for disease prophylaxis (65.38%) and often without veterinary supervision. ESBL‐producing Enterobacterales were detected in 96.3% (26/27) of fecal samples, yielding 90 isolates identified as clinically relevant species: Klebsiella pneumoniae (42.2%, 38/90), Escherichia coli (38.9%, 35/90), and Enterobacter spp. (18.9%, 17/90). Overall, 74.8% (63/90) of isolates were resistant to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole and 57.8% to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, whereas no resistance to carbapenems was observed. Molecular characterization revealed the presence of bla _CTX-M , bla _SHV , and bla _TEM genes, with bla _CTX-M being the most prevalent (77.8%, 70/90), followed by bla _SHV (54.4%, 49/90) and bla _TEM (31.1%, 28/90). These genes were coexpressed in half of all isolates, predominantly in K. pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. Conclusion: This study highlights the widespread dissemination of ESBL‐producing Enterobacterales in poultry farms in Côte d′Ivoire, emphasizing the role of poultry as a reservoir for resistant bacteria and underscoring the urgent need for integrated surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship within a One Health framework.

The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia, which is widely distributed among terrestrial arthropods, represents a promising tool for vector control. Its interest lies in its ability to block the transmission of arboviruses from vectors to humans and to promote the spread of infected individuals through various mechanisms affecting host reproduction. At the molecular level, Wolbachia exhibits considerable diversity structured into several phylogroups. The present study aimed to identify the phylogroups of Wolbachia infecting Aedes aegypti in Côte d’Ivoire. Larvae of Aedes aegypti were collected in Korhogo, Bouaké, Abidjan, and Bingerville in 2022 and 2024 and reared in the laboratory. After adult emergence, female mosquitoes were identified morphologically and confirmed by molecular identification using a species-specific PCR targeting the ITS2 gene. Wolbachia detection was performed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting the 16S rRNA gene, followed by nested PCR amplification of positive samples. The resulting amplicons were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene. Overall, 13.43% (6/67) in 2022 and 7.5% (15/200) of the analyzed mosquitoes were infected with Wolbachia. The prevalence of infection differed significantly between sampling sites and sampling periods. Among the identified strains, 83.33% (5/6) belonged to phylogroup B, while 16.67% (1/6) were assigned to phylogroup Q. The studied Aedes aegypti populations thus exhibit a low natural prevalence of Wolbachia infection, associated with the presence of two distinct phylogroups. These findings highlight the need for targeted intervention strategies to promote the establishment and stability of the endosymbiont within natural mosquito populations.