Image processing is faced with a number of challenges ranging from unequal resolutions, format variations, non uniform illuminations, distortions and noise. It is also affected by orientation and contrast differences. In view of these challenges, most digital image processing applications or devices employ enhancement procedure prior to the use of the captured image for intended purposes. This paper reports on the review of some of the existing digital image enhancement methods with emphasis on methodologies, strengths, limitations and application areas. The specific application of some of these methods by different authors is also presented.

A review of game theory approach to cyber security risk management

COVID-19 is a pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has spread to several countries of the world resulting in economic hardship and travel restrictions. This paper presents findings on the baseline study of COVID-19 and biometric technologies. The study included succinct discussions on biometric technologies prior to and since outbreak of COVID-19 and an online survey involving 2438 randomly selected individuals via questionnaire that centered on the world's economy with daily application of biometric technologies. The questionnaire featured indices on biometric technologies and global security, the rating of each biometric mode in the global security performance scale among others. Analysis of data from the survey established the paradigm shift in biometric applications from contact-based to contact-free since the outbreak of the disease, low risk level between COVID-19 and biometric technologies and diminishing cash flow in biometric market.

Stock or inventory control and management have continued to face challenges that include inconsistent tracking, labor-intensive warehousing, inaccurate data, daunting manual documentation, and supply chain complexity. Research-based attempts to solve these challenges have continued to suffer one limitation or another. A genetic algorithm model for inventory control and management that addresses some of the limitations is presented in this paper. The model analyzes numerous orders whose chromosome generation and confirmation require previous order sets and takes the stock levels for the existing delivering sequence for the various products. The notable result of the implementation of the model is its attainment of a seamless, time-proven, high-accuracy, complex-computation-free, and cost-friendly platform for a reliable, functional, and result-oriented inventory system. It also established the relevance of genetic algorithms for achieving an on-demand and cognitive assessment of genetic variables against the selective and variable-compliant approach of the existing systems.

The use of public transportation has increased during the previous few decades. The management of the transportation systems and the sale of tickets have become increasingly difficult tasks as a result of the rise in usage. It is encouraging to see mobile devices being used for ticketing solutions. However, present approaches are frequently rigid and demand manual interactions that result in transient data. Other issues with the current systems include conflicts, environmental degradation, extortion, misapplication of funds, and unauthorized access to vehicles. Commuters may also become frustrated while waiting in lines to buy tickets or have their smart cards scanned. This paper presents the design of an e-ticketing and access control framework for the automated collection of transport fares and control of access to vehicles. The framework consists of e-ticketing and access control modules. The e-ticketing module enables passengers to register and make payments for transport fares based on their travel destinations. The access control module was designed to use a camera to capture the passenger’s facial biometrics for processing and then make a decision on whether a passenger can board a vehicle or not. Full implementation of the framework will provide passenger convenience and improve the performance of the existing public transportation systems.

The corona virus disease, otherwise known as COVID-19, is an extremely communicable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has spread to almost all the countries in the world. The transmission of the virus is through touching of the nose, eyes, or mouth by a finger that has been contaminated through droplets on a surface when a carrier sneezes or coughs. Since the existing fingerprint devices are predominantly contact based, it implies that they can aid in the transmission of the virus. This paper discusses the application of fingerprint devices in notable places with high rate of COVID-19 infection as well as the threats to fingerprint technologies and the countermeasures. The need to change focus and orientation towards contactless biometric technologies as sure solution to the fear and animosity expressed towards contact-based fingerprint technology is also expatiated.