(1) Background: The aim of this study was to understand the factors associated with vaccine hesitancy and refusal in Indonesia using the Social–Ecological Model (SEM). (2) Methods: Data on demographics, religiosity, family dynamics, and perceptions of public health efforts were collected through an online survey and compared to the rates of vaccine hesitancy and refusal. (3) Results: Income and sex were significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy. Based on a vaccine passport policy to enter public spaces, people who felt inhibited to enter public spaces or perceived privacy threats were twice as likely to exhibit vaccine hesitancy. Participants who believed that religious groups had a difficult time getting vaccinated were nearly twice as likely to exhibit vaccine hesitancy and three times more likely to exhibit vaccine refusal. However, participants who believed in a higher religious power were 58% less likely to exhibit vaccine hesitancy. Religious leaders significantly influenced participants to make the decision regarding vaccination. Individuals with vaccine refusal were more than twice as likely to share information with others without fact-checking. Notably, structural barriers such as distance and transportation were most strongly associated with vaccine hesitancy and refusal. (4) Conclusion: Cultural factors play a significant role in vaccine hesitancy and refusal. The SEM can be used to propose multi-level interventions with collaboration and communication among stakeholders to improve community health.

Bukittinggi is a city in West Sumatra that become potential area for flooding. It is followed by increasing of diarrhea diseases. This also affects water quality. Bukittinggi is having problems with the provision of adequate clean water in accordance with the target of Sustainable Development Goals. This study aims to determine the relationship of floods to the incidence of diarrhea, water quality and community resilience in providing clean water for everyday life. The method used through a quantitative approach with cross-sectional design and conducted in December 2017 until January 2018. The results show the relationship between floods with diarrhea occurrence, water difficulty, water quality (smelly water, dirty water and the presence of insects and worms), as well as community resilience to help each other in water supply and water source storage to avoid contamination. It is advisable for the government to increase its social capacity in the provision of clean water because the city of Bukittinggi is vulnerable to floods that would damage water sources.

Criteria Air Pollutants cause significant health problems that require special investigation. The meteorological condition becomes essential in influencing the Criteria Air Pollutants cause significant health problems that require special investigation. The meteorological condition becomes essential in influencing the