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Philip C. Garnsworthy
School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK

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Journal article
Published: 12 March 2021 in Animals
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The objective of this study was to evaluate short-term variations of trans fatty acids (TFA) in plasma lipoproteins and ruminal fermentation parameters of non-lactating cows subjected to ruminal pulses of vegetable oils. Three non-lactating, non-pregnant Holstein cows, each with a ruminal cannula, were arranged in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three-day pulsing periods and four-day washout intervals between treatments. Cows were treated with single ruminal pulses of: (1) control (skimmed milk (SM); 500 mL); (2) soybean oil (SO; 250 g/d in 500 mL of SM) and (3) partially-hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHVO; 250 g/d in 500 mL of SM). Time changes after infusion in TFA contents were only observed for plasma C18:1 trans-4, trans-5 and trans-12, and high-density lipoprotein fraction C18:1 trans-9. After ruminal pulses, concentration of acetate decreased linearly; molar concentrations of propionate and valerate increased linearly; molar concentrations of butyrate and isovalerate changed quadratically and were greater at 1 h than at other times. There was an accumulation of several C18:1 TFA in plasma and lipoproteins, especially on the third day of pulsing. Overall, naturally occurring C18:1 TFA isomers (produced during ruminal biohydrogenation of SO) and preformed TFA (supplied by PHVO) elicited differential TFA partitioning and transport in plasma and lipoproteins.

ACS Style

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Juan Loor; Philip Garnsworthy. Short-Term Variations of C18:1 Trans Fatty Acids in Plasma Lipoproteins and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters of Non-Lactating Cows Subjected to Ruminal Pulses of Oils. Animals 2021, 11, 788 .

AMA Style

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Juan Loor, Philip Garnsworthy. Short-Term Variations of C18:1 Trans Fatty Acids in Plasma Lipoproteins and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters of Non-Lactating Cows Subjected to Ruminal Pulses of Oils. Animals. 2021; 11 (3):788.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Juan Loor; Philip Garnsworthy. 2021. "Short-Term Variations of C18:1 Trans Fatty Acids in Plasma Lipoproteins and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters of Non-Lactating Cows Subjected to Ruminal Pulses of Oils." Animals 11, no. 3: 788.

Journal article
Published: 05 January 2021 in Animal Feed Science and Technology
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There are environmental, social and economic pressures to reduce the use of soya bean meal in ruminant diets by using alternative protein sources, such as those derived from rapeseed. A new protected form of rapeseed (NovaPro) has been developed to provide similar quantities of digestible undegradable protein (DUP) compared to soya bean meal. NovaPro is hot pressed expelled rapeseed (no hexane solvent used), treated with a specific wood derived xylose-rich lignosulphonate in the presence of elevated moisture and heat to increase DUP. The objective of this study was to evaluate NovaPro as a protein supplement for high yielding dairy cows. Four diets were formulated to supply similar quantities of metabolisable energy and protein but containing different dominant protein sources. The main protein sources were: Control – soya bean and rapeseed meals; NP1 – NovaPro and wheat dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS); PR – protected solvent-extracted rapeseed meal and wheat-DDGS; NP2 - NovaPro and SoyPass. Diets were fed to 44 cows using a Latin square design with four feeding periods of 28 days each. Milk yield was significantly higher when cows were fed on rapeseed treatment diets (mean 42.7 kg/d) than when fed on the control diet (mean 41.1 kg/d), as was energy-corrected milk (ECM) yield (mean 43.2 versus 41.7 kg/d). Dry matter intake was higher when cows were fed on NP1 and NP2 (mean 25.0 kg/d) than when they were fed on the control diet (mean 23.9 kg/d); dry matter intake for PR was intermediate (mean 24.4 kg/d). Concentrations of milk fat and protein reflected differences in milk yield, and there was no difference between treatments in fat or protein yield, although fat plus protein yield was higher when cows were fed on rapeseed treatment diets (mean 2.84 kg/d) than when fed on the control diet (mean 2.72 kg/d). Differences in rumen fluid and blood composition were commensurate with differences in diet composition, nutrient intake and milk yield. Retrospective calculation of metabolisable energy and protein supplies showed that these were within 3% of requirements for observed responses. Calculation of amino acid profiles suggested that profiles, particularly methionine, were better for the rapeseed treatment diets. Results of this study support the hypothesis that cows fed on NovaPro and other rumen protected rapeseed proteins will have similar or improved milk production compared to a control (soya-based) diet. Improved milk yield was accompanied by increased dry matter intake, but it is likely that intake was driven by milk yield rather than vice versa. The most likely explanation for improved milk yield when cows were fed on the rapeseed treatment diets is that amino acid balance was improved compared to control.

ACS Style

Philip C. Garnsworthy; Neil Saunders; Jennifer R. Goodman; Michael Marsden. Evaluation of rumen protected rapeseed expeller (NovaPro) as an alternative to soya bean meal in dairy cow diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2021, 273, 114816 .

AMA Style

Philip C. Garnsworthy, Neil Saunders, Jennifer R. Goodman, Michael Marsden. Evaluation of rumen protected rapeseed expeller (NovaPro) as an alternative to soya bean meal in dairy cow diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2021; 273 ():114816.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Philip C. Garnsworthy; Neil Saunders; Jennifer R. Goodman; Michael Marsden. 2021. "Evaluation of rumen protected rapeseed expeller (NovaPro) as an alternative to soya bean meal in dairy cow diets." Animal Feed Science and Technology 273, no. : 114816.

Journal article
Published: 02 January 2021 in Animals
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Dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) from bioethanol production can replace soya in diets for dairy cows, but the optimum inclusion level of European wheat DDGS (wDDGS) is unknown. Two batches of wDDGS from different UK bioethanol plants were fed to 44 (Experiment 1) and 40 (Experiment 2) cows in a Latin square design. Each wDDGS replaced soya and rapeseed at four inclusion levels (g/kg of diet dry matter (DM): 0, 80, 160 and 240—Experiment 1; 0, 75, 150 and 225—Experiment 2). Diets were balanced for metabolisable energy (ME) and protein (MP), and for minimum starch and saturated fat in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, DM intake (29 kg/day) and milk yield (42.3 kg/day) were unaffected by wDDGS inclusion up to 160 g/kg but were lower than control with 240 g/kg inclusion, which was attributed to the low proportion of solubles in this wDDGS batch. In Experiment 2, DM intake (22.4 kg/day) and milk yield (32.1 kg/day) were unaffected by wDDGS inclusion up to 225 g/kg. ME content of wDDGS, determined in vivo (MJ/kg DM) was 12.1 (Experiment 1) and 13.4 (Experiment 2). It is concluded that the optimum inclusion level of wDDGS is at least 225 g/kg DM in diets balanced for minimum starch and saturated fat as well as ME and MP supplies.

ACS Style

Philip C. Garnsworthy; Michael Marsden; Jennifer R. Goodman; Neil Saunders. Inclusion of Wheat Dried Distillers’ Grains with Solubles from Bioethanol Plants in Diets for Dairy Cows. Animals 2021, 11, 70 .

AMA Style

Philip C. Garnsworthy, Michael Marsden, Jennifer R. Goodman, Neil Saunders. Inclusion of Wheat Dried Distillers’ Grains with Solubles from Bioethanol Plants in Diets for Dairy Cows. Animals. 2021; 11 (1):70.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Philip C. Garnsworthy; Michael Marsden; Jennifer R. Goodman; Neil Saunders. 2021. "Inclusion of Wheat Dried Distillers’ Grains with Solubles from Bioethanol Plants in Diets for Dairy Cows." Animals 11, no. 1: 70.

Journal article
Published: 27 December 2019 in Animals
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This study analyzed effects of vegetable oils fed to dairy cows on abundance of genes related to lipid metabolism in milk somatic cells (MSC). During 63 days, 15 cows were allocated to 3 treatments: a control diet with no added lipid the same diet supplemented with olive oil (OO, 30 g/kg DM) or hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO, 30 g/kg DM). On days 21, 42 and 63, MSC were obtained from all cows. Relative abundance of genes involved in lipid metabolism in MSC from cows fed control on days 42 and 63 was compared with relative abundance at day 21 to evaluate fold-changes. Those genes without changes over the time were selected to analyze effects of OO and HVO. Compared with control, on day 42, PLIN2 and THRSP were upregulated by OO. Compared with control, on day 21, HVO up regulated ACACA, down regulated FABP3, and on day 63 THRSP and FABP4 were down regulated. Dietary oil supplementation (3% DM) had a modest nutrigenomic effect on different biological functions such as acetate and FA activation and intra-cellular transport, lipid droplet formation, and transcription regulation in MSC.

ACS Style

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Carolina Geldsetzer-Mendoza; Nathaly Cancino-Padilla; María Sol Morales; Heidi Leskinen; Philip C. Garnsworthy; Juan J. Loor; Jaime Romero. Effects of Dietary Vegetable Oils on Mammary Lipid-Related Genes in Holstein Dairy Cows. Animals 2019, 10, 57 .

AMA Style

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Carolina Geldsetzer-Mendoza, Nathaly Cancino-Padilla, María Sol Morales, Heidi Leskinen, Philip C. Garnsworthy, Juan J. Loor, Jaime Romero. Effects of Dietary Vegetable Oils on Mammary Lipid-Related Genes in Holstein Dairy Cows. Animals. 2019; 10 (1):57.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Carolina Geldsetzer-Mendoza; Nathaly Cancino-Padilla; María Sol Morales; Heidi Leskinen; Philip C. Garnsworthy; Juan J. Loor; Jaime Romero. 2019. "Effects of Dietary Vegetable Oils on Mammary Lipid-Related Genes in Holstein Dairy Cows." Animals 10, no. 1: 57.

Journal article
Published: 26 December 2019 in Animals
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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of long-term supplementation of unsaturated oil on lipid metabolism and transcription of genes involved in lipid metabolism in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of mid-lactating dairy cows. The objective was achieved by supplementing dairy cows with soybean oil (SO; high in linoleic acid) or fish oil (FO; high in EPA and DHA) for 63 days (nine weeks). Cows were fed a control diet with no added lipid, or diets containing SO or FO (n = 5 cows/group). At the onset of the experiment (day 0) and on days 21, 42, and 63 of supplementation, blood and SAT samples were collected from each animal. Oil supplementation increased cholesterol and NEFA in plasma, with a greater effect of SO compared to FO. Concentration of BUN was lower in SO compared to control and FO at the end of the trial. Transcription of few genes was affected by dietary lipids: FABP4 had lowest expression in FO followed by SO and control. ACACA and FASN had higher expression in FO. Transcription of SCAP was higher but expression of INSIG1 was lower in SO. Overall, results revealed that compared to control, SO and FO had lipogenic effect in SAT.

ACS Style

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Massimo Bionaz; Macarena Garrido-Sartore; Nathaly Cancino-Padilla; María Sol Morales; Jaime Romero; Heidi Leskinen; Philip C. Garnsworthy; Juan J. Loor. Effect of Soybean Oil and Fish Oil on Lipid-Related Transcripts in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Dairy Cows. Animals 2019, 10, 54 .

AMA Style

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Massimo Bionaz, Macarena Garrido-Sartore, Nathaly Cancino-Padilla, María Sol Morales, Jaime Romero, Heidi Leskinen, Philip C. Garnsworthy, Juan J. Loor. Effect of Soybean Oil and Fish Oil on Lipid-Related Transcripts in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Dairy Cows. Animals. 2019; 10 (1):54.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Massimo Bionaz; Macarena Garrido-Sartore; Nathaly Cancino-Padilla; María Sol Morales; Jaime Romero; Heidi Leskinen; Philip C. Garnsworthy; Juan J. Loor. 2019. "Effect of Soybean Oil and Fish Oil on Lipid-Related Transcripts in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Dairy Cows." Animals 10, no. 1: 54.

Journal article
Published: 02 December 2019 in Genes
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Genomic selection has been proposed for the mitigation of methane (CH4) emissions by cattle because there is considerable variability in CH4 emissions between individuals fed on the same diet. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) represents an important tool for the detection of candidate genes, haplotypes or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers related to characteristics of economic interest. The present study included information for 280 cows in three dairy production systems in Mexico: 1) Dual Purpose (n = 100), 2) Specialized Tropical Dairy (n = 76), 3) Familiar Production System (n = 104). Concentrations of CH4 in a breath of individual cows at the time of milking (MEIm) were estimated through a system of infrared sensors. After quality control analyses, 21,958 SNPs were included. Associations of markers were made using a linear regression model, corrected with principal component analyses. In total, 46 SNPs were identified as significant for CH4 production. Several SNPs associated with CH4 production were found at regions previously described for quantitative trait loci of composition characteristics of meat, milk fatty acids and characteristics related to feed intake. It was concluded that the SNPs identified could be used in genomic selection programs in developing countries and combined with other datasets for global selection.

ACS Style

Rene Calderon-Chagoya; J.H. H. Hernandez-Medrano; F.J. J. Ruiz-López; A. Garcia-Ruiz; V.E. E. Vega-Murillo; M. Montano-Bermudez; M.E. E. Arechavaleta-Velasco; E. Gonzalez-Padilla; E.I. I. Mejia-Melchor; N. Saunders; J.A. A. Bonilla-Cardenas; P.C. C. Garnsworthy; S.I. I. Román-Ponce. Genome-Wide Association Studies for Methane Production in Dairy Cattle. Genes 2019, 10, 995 .

AMA Style

Rene Calderon-Chagoya, J.H. H. Hernandez-Medrano, F.J. J. Ruiz-López, A. Garcia-Ruiz, V.E. E. Vega-Murillo, M. Montano-Bermudez, M.E. E. Arechavaleta-Velasco, E. Gonzalez-Padilla, E.I. I. Mejia-Melchor, N. Saunders, J.A. A. Bonilla-Cardenas, P.C. C. Garnsworthy, S.I. I. Román-Ponce. Genome-Wide Association Studies for Methane Production in Dairy Cattle. Genes. 2019; 10 (12):995.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rene Calderon-Chagoya; J.H. H. Hernandez-Medrano; F.J. J. Ruiz-López; A. Garcia-Ruiz; V.E. E. Vega-Murillo; M. Montano-Bermudez; M.E. E. Arechavaleta-Velasco; E. Gonzalez-Padilla; E.I. I. Mejia-Melchor; N. Saunders; J.A. A. Bonilla-Cardenas; P.C. C. Garnsworthy; S.I. I. Román-Ponce. 2019. "Genome-Wide Association Studies for Methane Production in Dairy Cattle." Genes 10, no. 12: 995.

Journal article
Published: 21 October 2019 in Animals
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Partners in Expert Working Group WG2 of the COST Action METHAGENE have used several methods for measuring methane output by individual dairy cattle under various environmental conditions. Methods included respiration chambers, the sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique, breath sampling during milking or feeding, the GreenFeed system, and the laser methane detector. The aim of the current study was to review and compare the suitability of methods for large-scale measurements of methane output by individual animals, which may be combined with other databases for genetic evaluations. Accuracy, precision and correlation between methods were assessed. Accuracy and precision are important, but data from different sources can be weighted or adjusted when combined if they are suitably correlated with the ‘true’ value. All methods showed high correlations with respiration chambers. Comparisons among alternative methods generally had lower correlations than comparisons with respiration chambers, despite higher numbers of animals and in most cases simultaneous repeated measures per cow per method. Lower correlations could be due to increased variability and imprecision of alternative methods, or maybe different aspects of methane emission are captured using different methods. Results confirm that there is sufficient correlation between methods for measurements from all methods to be combined for international genetic studies and provide a much-needed framework for comparing genetic correlations between methods should these become available.

ACS Style

Philip C. Garnsworthy; Gareth F. Difford; Matthew J. Bell; Ali R. Bayat; Pekka Huhtanen; Björn Kuhla; Jan Lassen; Nico Peiren; Marcin Pszczola; Diana. Sorg; Marleen H.P.W. Visker; Tianhai Yan. Comparison of Methods to Measure Methane for Use in Genetic Evaluation of Dairy Cattle. Animals 2019, 9, 837 .

AMA Style

Philip C. Garnsworthy, Gareth F. Difford, Matthew J. Bell, Ali R. Bayat, Pekka Huhtanen, Björn Kuhla, Jan Lassen, Nico Peiren, Marcin Pszczola, Diana. Sorg, Marleen H.P.W. Visker, Tianhai Yan. Comparison of Methods to Measure Methane for Use in Genetic Evaluation of Dairy Cattle. Animals. 2019; 9 (10):837.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Philip C. Garnsworthy; Gareth F. Difford; Matthew J. Bell; Ali R. Bayat; Pekka Huhtanen; Björn Kuhla; Jan Lassen; Nico Peiren; Marcin Pszczola; Diana. Sorg; Marleen H.P.W. Visker; Tianhai Yan. 2019. "Comparison of Methods to Measure Methane for Use in Genetic Evaluation of Dairy Cattle." Animals 9, no. 10: 837.

Journal article
Published: 15 September 2019 in Veterinary Sciences
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The objective of this study was to characterize the long-term transcriptomic effects of lipogenic genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of dairy cows supplemented with unsaturated (olive oil; OO) and saturated (hydrogenated vegetable oil; HVO) lipids. Cows were fed a control diet with no added lipid, or diets containing OO or HVO (n = 5 cows/group) for 63 days. SAT was obtained from the tail-head area at the onset of the study and after 21, 42, and 63 days of supplementation. Treatments had minor effects on expression of measured genes. Both fat supplements reduced expression of PPARG, HVO decreased transcription of the desaturase FADS2 and lipid droplet formation PLIN2, and OO increased transcription of FABP3. Both lipid treatments decreased expression of the transcription regulator SREBF1 and its chaperone (SCAP) during the first 21 days of treatment. Our data indicated that long-term feeding of OO and HVO have a relatively mild effect on expression of lipogenic genes in SAT of mid-lactating cows.

ACS Style

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Massimo Bionaz; Pietro Sciarresi-Arechabala; Nathaly Cancino-Padilla; María Sol Morales; Jaime Romero; Heidi Leskinen; Philip C. Garnsworthy; Juan J. Loor. Long-Term Effects of Dietary Olive Oil and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil on Expression of Lipogenic Genes in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Dairy Cows. Veterinary Sciences 2019, 6, 74 .

AMA Style

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Massimo Bionaz, Pietro Sciarresi-Arechabala, Nathaly Cancino-Padilla, María Sol Morales, Jaime Romero, Heidi Leskinen, Philip C. Garnsworthy, Juan J. Loor. Long-Term Effects of Dietary Olive Oil and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil on Expression of Lipogenic Genes in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Dairy Cows. Veterinary Sciences. 2019; 6 (3):74.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Massimo Bionaz; Pietro Sciarresi-Arechabala; Nathaly Cancino-Padilla; María Sol Morales; Jaime Romero; Heidi Leskinen; Philip C. Garnsworthy; Juan J. Loor. 2019. "Long-Term Effects of Dietary Olive Oil and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil on Expression of Lipogenic Genes in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Dairy Cows." Veterinary Sciences 6, no. 3: 74.

Journal article
Published: 17 August 2019 in Animals
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of dairy cows with different fatty acid sources (soybean oil (SO) and fish oil (FO)) on milk production, milk composition, milk fatty acid profile, and physicochemical and sensory characteristics of ice cream. During 63 days, fifteen Holstein cows averaging 198 ± 35 days in milk were assigned to three groups: control diet with no added lipid (n = 5 cows); and supplemented diets with SO (n = 5 cows; unrefined SO; 30 g/kg DM) or FO (n = 5 cows; FO from unrefined salmon oil; 30 g/kg DM). Milk production, milk fat, and milk protein were not affected by treatments. Saturated fatty acids in milk fat were decreased with SO and FO compared with control. C18:2 cis-9, cis-12 was increased with SO whereas C18:2 cis-9, trans-11, C20:3n-3, C20:3n-6, C20:5n-3, and C22:6n-3 were the highest with FO. Draw temperature and firmness were higher in SO compared to control and FO ice creams. Melting resistance was higher in FO compared with control and SO ice creams. Supplementation of cow diets with SO and FO did not have detrimental effects on milk production, or ice cream physicochemical and sensory characteristics.

ACS Style

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Nathaly Cancino-Padilla; Carolina Geldsetzer-Mendoza; Stefanie Vyhmeister; María Sol Morales; Heidi Leskinen; Jaime Romero; Philip C. Garnsworthy; Rodrigo A. Ibáñez. Effect of Feeding Cows with Unsaturated Fatty Acid Sources on Milk Production, Milk Composition, Milk Fatty Acid Profile, and Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Ice Cream. Animals 2019, 9, 568 .

AMA Style

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Nathaly Cancino-Padilla, Carolina Geldsetzer-Mendoza, Stefanie Vyhmeister, María Sol Morales, Heidi Leskinen, Jaime Romero, Philip C. Garnsworthy, Rodrigo A. Ibáñez. Effect of Feeding Cows with Unsaturated Fatty Acid Sources on Milk Production, Milk Composition, Milk Fatty Acid Profile, and Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Ice Cream. Animals. 2019; 9 (8):568.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Nathaly Cancino-Padilla; Carolina Geldsetzer-Mendoza; Stefanie Vyhmeister; María Sol Morales; Heidi Leskinen; Jaime Romero; Philip C. Garnsworthy; Rodrigo A. Ibáñez. 2019. "Effect of Feeding Cows with Unsaturated Fatty Acid Sources on Milk Production, Milk Composition, Milk Fatty Acid Profile, and Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Ice Cream." Animals 9, no. 8: 568.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2019 in Journal of Dairy Science
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Greenhouse gases originating from the dairy sector, including methane (CH4), contribute to global warming. A possible strategy to reduce CH4 production is to use genetic selection. This requires genetic parameters for CH4 production and correlations with production traits. Data were available on 184 Holstein-Friesian cows. Methane production was measured in the milking robot during milking from December 2009 to April 2010. In total 2,456 observations for CH4 production were available. Milk yield (MY) and body weight (BW) were obtained at every milking from November 2008 to October 2010. In total 4,567 observations for milk yield and 4,570 observations for BW were available. Restricted maximum likelihood, using random regression models, was used to analyze the data. Heritability (standard error given in parentheses) for CH4 production ranged from 0.12 (0.16) to 0.45 (0.11), and genetic correlations with MY ranged from 0.49 (0.12) to 0.54 (0.26). The positive genetic correlation between CH4 production and milk yield indicates that care needs to be taken when genetically selecting for lower CH4 production, to avoid a decrease in MY at the animal level. However, this study shows that CH4 production is moderately heritable and therefore progress through genetic selection is possible.

ACS Style

I.S. Breider; E. Wall; P.C. Garnsworthy. Short communication: Heritability of methane production and genetic correlations with milk yield and body weight in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 2019, 102, 7277 -7281.

AMA Style

I.S. Breider, E. Wall, P.C. Garnsworthy. Short communication: Heritability of methane production and genetic correlations with milk yield and body weight in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 2019; 102 (8):7277-7281.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I.S. Breider; E. Wall; P.C. Garnsworthy. 2019. "Short communication: Heritability of methane production and genetic correlations with milk yield and body weight in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows." Journal of Dairy Science 102, no. 8: 7277-7281.

Research article
Published: 03 July 2019 in Science Advances
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A 1000-cow study across four European countries was undertaken to understand to what extent ruminant microbiomes can be controlled by the host animal and to identify characteristics of the host rumen microbiome axis that determine productivity and methane emissions. A core rumen microbiome, phylogenetically linked and with a preserved hierarchical structure, was identified. A 39-member subset of the core formed hubs in co-occurrence networks linking microbiome structure to host genetics and phenotype (methane emissions, rumen and blood metabolites, and milk production efficiency). These phenotypes can be predicted from the core microbiome using machine learning algorithms. The heritable core microbes, therefore, present primary targets for rumen manipulation toward sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture.

ACS Style

R. John Wallace; Goor Sasson; Philip C. Garnsworthy; Ilma Tapio; Emma Gregson; Paolo Bani; Pekka Huhtanen; Ali R. Bayat; Francesco Strozzi; Filippo Biscarini; Timothy J. Snelling; Neil Saunders; Sarah L. Potterton; James Craigon; Andrea Minuti; Erminio Trevisi; Maria L. Callegari; Fiorenzo Piccioli Cappelli; Edward H. Cabezas-Garcia; Johanna Vilkki; Cesar Pinares-Patino; Kateřina O. Fliegerová; Jakub Mrázek; Hana Sechovcová; Jan Kopečný; Aurélie Bonin; Frédéric Boyer; Pierre Taberlet; Fotini Kokou; Eran Halperin; John L. Williams; Kevin J. Shingfield; Itzhak Mizrahi. A heritable subset of the core rumen microbiome dictates dairy cow productivity and emissions. Science Advances 2019, 5, eaav8391 .

AMA Style

R. John Wallace, Goor Sasson, Philip C. Garnsworthy, Ilma Tapio, Emma Gregson, Paolo Bani, Pekka Huhtanen, Ali R. Bayat, Francesco Strozzi, Filippo Biscarini, Timothy J. Snelling, Neil Saunders, Sarah L. Potterton, James Craigon, Andrea Minuti, Erminio Trevisi, Maria L. Callegari, Fiorenzo Piccioli Cappelli, Edward H. Cabezas-Garcia, Johanna Vilkki, Cesar Pinares-Patino, Kateřina O. Fliegerová, Jakub Mrázek, Hana Sechovcová, Jan Kopečný, Aurélie Bonin, Frédéric Boyer, Pierre Taberlet, Fotini Kokou, Eran Halperin, John L. Williams, Kevin J. Shingfield, Itzhak Mizrahi. A heritable subset of the core rumen microbiome dictates dairy cow productivity and emissions. Science Advances. 2019; 5 (7):eaav8391.

Chicago/Turabian Style

R. John Wallace; Goor Sasson; Philip C. Garnsworthy; Ilma Tapio; Emma Gregson; Paolo Bani; Pekka Huhtanen; Ali R. Bayat; Francesco Strozzi; Filippo Biscarini; Timothy J. Snelling; Neil Saunders; Sarah L. Potterton; James Craigon; Andrea Minuti; Erminio Trevisi; Maria L. Callegari; Fiorenzo Piccioli Cappelli; Edward H. Cabezas-Garcia; Johanna Vilkki; Cesar Pinares-Patino; Kateřina O. Fliegerová; Jakub Mrázek; Hana Sechovcová; Jan Kopečný; Aurélie Bonin; Frédéric Boyer; Pierre Taberlet; Fotini Kokou; Eran Halperin; John L. Williams; Kevin J. Shingfield; Itzhak Mizrahi. 2019. "A heritable subset of the core rumen microbiome dictates dairy cow productivity and emissions." Science Advances 5, no. 7: eaav8391.

Author correction
Published: 26 March 2019 in Nature Sustainability
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ACS Style

Andrew Balmford; Tatsuya Amano; Harriet Bartlett; Dave Chadwick; Adrian Collins; David Edwards; Rob Field; Philip Garnsworthy; Rhys Green; Pete Smith; Helen Waters; Andrew Whitmore; Donald M. Broom; Julian Chara; Tom Finch; Emma Garnett; Alfred Gathorne-Hardy; Juan Hernandez-Medrano; Mario Herrero; Fangyuan Hua; Agnieszka Latawiec; Tom Misselbrook; Ben Phalan; Benno I. Simmons; Taro Takahashi; James Vause; Erasmus Zu Ermgassen; Rowan Eisner. Author Correction: The environmental costs and benefits of high-yield farming. Nature Sustainability 2019, 2, 339 -341.

AMA Style

Andrew Balmford, Tatsuya Amano, Harriet Bartlett, Dave Chadwick, Adrian Collins, David Edwards, Rob Field, Philip Garnsworthy, Rhys Green, Pete Smith, Helen Waters, Andrew Whitmore, Donald M. Broom, Julian Chara, Tom Finch, Emma Garnett, Alfred Gathorne-Hardy, Juan Hernandez-Medrano, Mario Herrero, Fangyuan Hua, Agnieszka Latawiec, Tom Misselbrook, Ben Phalan, Benno I. Simmons, Taro Takahashi, James Vause, Erasmus Zu Ermgassen, Rowan Eisner. Author Correction: The environmental costs and benefits of high-yield farming. Nature Sustainability. 2019; 2 (4):339-341.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrew Balmford; Tatsuya Amano; Harriet Bartlett; Dave Chadwick; Adrian Collins; David Edwards; Rob Field; Philip Garnsworthy; Rhys Green; Pete Smith; Helen Waters; Andrew Whitmore; Donald M. Broom; Julian Chara; Tom Finch; Emma Garnett; Alfred Gathorne-Hardy; Juan Hernandez-Medrano; Mario Herrero; Fangyuan Hua; Agnieszka Latawiec; Tom Misselbrook; Ben Phalan; Benno I. Simmons; Taro Takahashi; James Vause; Erasmus Zu Ermgassen; Rowan Eisner. 2019. "Author Correction: The environmental costs and benefits of high-yield farming." Nature Sustainability 2, no. 4: 339-341.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in International Dairy Journal
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The effect of dietary unrefined olive oil (OO) residues and hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) on the fatty acid profiles of milk and cheese and the sensory characteristics of cheeses was determined. For 9 weeks, animals were fed a control diet with no added lipid (n = 5 cows), or fat-supplemented diets containing OO or HVO (in both cases n = 5 cows; 30 g kg-1 dry matter). Compared with control and HVO, OO increased C18:1 cis-9, and C18:3 cis-9, cis-12, cis-15 fatty acids in milk; and also increased C18:1 trans-10, C18:1 trans-11, C18:1 cis-9, C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 and C18:3 cis-9, cis-12, cis-15 fatty acids in cheeses. OO reduced the number of holes, overall odour and acidity of cheeses, whereas HVO increased the cow milk odour, bitterness and acidity of cheeses. Overall, OO can improve the cheese fatty acid profile, but with adverse effects on sensory attributes.

ACS Style

E. Vargas-Bello-Pérez; C. Geldsetzer-Mendoza; M.S. Morales; P. Toro-Mujica; M.A. Fellenberg; Rodrigo A. Ibáñez; Pilar Gómez-Cortés; P.C. Garnsworthy. Effect of olive oil in dairy cow diets on the fatty acid profile and sensory characteristics of cheese. International Dairy Journal 2018, 85, 8 -15.

AMA Style

E. Vargas-Bello-Pérez, C. Geldsetzer-Mendoza, M.S. Morales, P. Toro-Mujica, M.A. Fellenberg, Rodrigo A. Ibáñez, Pilar Gómez-Cortés, P.C. Garnsworthy. Effect of olive oil in dairy cow diets on the fatty acid profile and sensory characteristics of cheese. International Dairy Journal. 2018; 85 ():8-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. Vargas-Bello-Pérez; C. Geldsetzer-Mendoza; M.S. Morales; P. Toro-Mujica; M.A. Fellenberg; Rodrigo A. Ibáñez; Pilar Gómez-Cortés; P.C. Garnsworthy. 2018. "Effect of olive oil in dairy cow diets on the fatty acid profile and sensory characteristics of cheese." International Dairy Journal 85, no. : 8-15.

Short communication
Published: 26 September 2018 in Animal Nutrition
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The objective of this study was to determine how cytosolic triacylglycerols (TAG) are stored in mammary cells and whether this depends on the individual chemical configuration of fatty acids (FA). This objective was accomplished by addition of different FA to a FA-free medium used to culture mammary alveolar cells-large T antigen cells (MAC-T). Treatments consisted of adding FA (palmitate, stearate, oleate, linoleate, rumenic acid [CLA], elaidate and vaccinate) solutions to the medium at 100, 200, 300 and 400 mmol/L concentrations for a 24-h incubation period. At the end of each incubation period, cytosolic TAG, DNA and protein contents were measured. Palmitate, vaccenate, linoleate and CLA increased (P < 0.05) cytosolic TAG (μg/mg protein). Palmitate and CLA increased (P < 0.05) cytosolic TAG adjusted for DNA content. Overall, effects on cytosolic TAG accumulation depended on individual FA structure (chain length, degree of saturation, and number and orientation of FA double bonds). In addition, the long-chain FA used in this study did not have a detrimental effect on MAC-T cells as indicated by cytosolic protein and DNA contents reflecting their biological role in lipid accumulation.

ACS Style

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Juan Loor; Philip C. Garnsworthy. Effect of different exogenous fatty acids on the cytosolic triacylglycerol content in bovine mammary cells. Animal Nutrition 2018, 5, 202 -208.

AMA Style

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Juan Loor, Philip C. Garnsworthy. Effect of different exogenous fatty acids on the cytosolic triacylglycerol content in bovine mammary cells. Animal Nutrition. 2018; 5 (2):202-208.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Juan Loor; Philip C. Garnsworthy. 2018. "Effect of different exogenous fatty acids on the cytosolic triacylglycerol content in bovine mammary cells." Animal Nutrition 5, no. 2: 202-208.

Journal article
Published: 14 September 2018 in Nature Sustainability
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How we manage farming and food systems to meet rising demand is pivotal to the future of biodiversity. Extensive field data suggest that impacts on wild populations would be greatly reduced through boosting yields on existing farmland so as to spare remaining natural habitats. High-yield farming raises other concerns because expressed per unit area it can generate high levels of externalities such as greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient losses. However, such metrics underestimate the overall impacts of lower-yield systems. Here we develop a framework that instead compares externality and land costs per unit production. We apply this framework to diverse data sets that describe the externalities of four major farm sectors and reveal that, rather than involving trade-offs, the externality and land costs of alternative production systems can covary positively: per unit production, land-efficient systems often produce lower externalities. For greenhouse gas emissions, these associations become more strongly positive once forgone sequestration is included. Our conclusions are limited: remarkably few studies report externalities alongside yields; many important externalities and farming systems are inadequately measured; and realizing the environmental benefits of high-yield systems typically requires additional measures to limit farmland expansion. Nevertheless, our results suggest that trade-offs among key cost metrics are not as ubiquitous as sometimes perceived.

ACS Style

Andrew Balmford; Tatsuya Amano; Harriet Bartlett; Dave Chadwick; Adrian Collins; David Edwards; Rob Field; Philip Garnsworthy; Rhys Green; Pete Smith; Helen Waters; Andrew Whitmore; Donald M. Broom; Julián Chará; Tom Finch; Emma Garnett; Alfred Gathorne-Hardy; Juan Hernandez-Medrano; Mario Herrero; Fangyuan Hua; Agnieszka Latawiec; Tom Misselbrook; Ben Phalan; Benno I. Simmons; Taro Takahashi; James Vause; Erasmus Zu Ermgassen; Rowan Eisner. The environmental costs and benefits of high-yield farming. Nature Sustainability 2018, 1, 477 -485.

AMA Style

Andrew Balmford, Tatsuya Amano, Harriet Bartlett, Dave Chadwick, Adrian Collins, David Edwards, Rob Field, Philip Garnsworthy, Rhys Green, Pete Smith, Helen Waters, Andrew Whitmore, Donald M. Broom, Julián Chará, Tom Finch, Emma Garnett, Alfred Gathorne-Hardy, Juan Hernandez-Medrano, Mario Herrero, Fangyuan Hua, Agnieszka Latawiec, Tom Misselbrook, Ben Phalan, Benno I. Simmons, Taro Takahashi, James Vause, Erasmus Zu Ermgassen, Rowan Eisner. The environmental costs and benefits of high-yield farming. Nature Sustainability. 2018; 1 (9):477-485.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrew Balmford; Tatsuya Amano; Harriet Bartlett; Dave Chadwick; Adrian Collins; David Edwards; Rob Field; Philip Garnsworthy; Rhys Green; Pete Smith; Helen Waters; Andrew Whitmore; Donald M. Broom; Julián Chará; Tom Finch; Emma Garnett; Alfred Gathorne-Hardy; Juan Hernandez-Medrano; Mario Herrero; Fangyuan Hua; Agnieszka Latawiec; Tom Misselbrook; Ben Phalan; Benno I. Simmons; Taro Takahashi; James Vause; Erasmus Zu Ermgassen; Rowan Eisner. 2018. "The environmental costs and benefits of high-yield farming." Nature Sustainability 1, no. 9: 477-485.

Review
Published: 01 July 2018 in Journal of Dairy Science
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Ruminant production systems are important contributors to anthropogenic methane (CH4) emissions, but there are large uncertainties in national and global livestock CH4 inventories. Sources of uncertainty in enteric CH4 emissions include animal inventories, feed dry matter intake (DMI), ingredient and chemical composition of the diets, and CH4 emission factors. There is also significant uncertainty associated with enteric CH4 measurements. The most widely used techniques are respiration chambers, the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique, and the automated head-chamber system (GreenFeed; C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD). All 3 methods have been successfully used in a large number of experiments with dairy or beef cattle in various environmental conditions, although studies that compare techniques have reported inconsistent results. Although different types of models have been developed to predict enteric CH4 emissions, relatively simple empirical (statistical) models have been commonly used for inventory purposes because of their broad applicability and ease of use compared with more detailed empirical and process-based mechanistic models. However, extant empirical models used to predict enteric CH4 emissions suffer from narrow spatial focus, limited observations, and limitations of the statistical technique used. Therefore, prediction models must be developed from robust data sets that can only be generated through collaboration of scientists across the world. To achieve high prediction accuracy, these data sets should encompass a wide range of diets and production systems within regions and globally. Overall, enteric CH4 prediction models are based on various animal or feed characteristic inputs but are dominated by DMI in one form or another. As a result, accurate prediction of DMI is essential for accurate prediction of livestock CH4 emissions. Analysis of a large data set of individual dairy cattle data showed that simplified enteric CH4 prediction models based on DMI alone or DMI and limited feed- or animal-related inputs can predict average CH4 emission with a similar accuracy to more complex empirical models. These simplified models can be reliably used for emission inventory purposes.

ACS Style

A.N. Hristov; E. Kebreab; M. Niu; J. Oh; A. Bannink; A.R. Bayat; T.M. Boland; A.F. Brito; D.P. Casper; L.A. Crompton; J. Dijkstra; M. Eugène; P.C. Garnsworthy; N. Haque; A.L.F. Hellwing; P. Huhtanen; M. Kreuzer; B. Kuhla; P. Lund; J. Madsen; C. Martin; P.J. Moate; S. Muetzel; C. Muñoz; N. Peiren; J.M. Powell; C.K. Reynolds; A. Schwarm; K.J. Shingfield; T.M. Storlien; M.R. Weisbjerg; D.R. Yáñez-Ruiz; Z. Yu. Symposium review: Uncertainties in enteric methane inventories, measurement techniques, and prediction models. Journal of Dairy Science 2018, 101, 6655 -6674.

AMA Style

A.N. Hristov, E. Kebreab, M. Niu, J. Oh, A. Bannink, A.R. Bayat, T.M. Boland, A.F. Brito, D.P. Casper, L.A. Crompton, J. Dijkstra, M. Eugène, P.C. Garnsworthy, N. Haque, A.L.F. Hellwing, P. Huhtanen, M. Kreuzer, B. Kuhla, P. Lund, J. Madsen, C. Martin, P.J. Moate, S. Muetzel, C. Muñoz, N. Peiren, J.M. Powell, C.K. Reynolds, A. Schwarm, K.J. Shingfield, T.M. Storlien, M.R. Weisbjerg, D.R. Yáñez-Ruiz, Z. Yu. Symposium review: Uncertainties in enteric methane inventories, measurement techniques, and prediction models. Journal of Dairy Science. 2018; 101 (7):6655-6674.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A.N. Hristov; E. Kebreab; M. Niu; J. Oh; A. Bannink; A.R. Bayat; T.M. Boland; A.F. Brito; D.P. Casper; L.A. Crompton; J. Dijkstra; M. Eugène; P.C. Garnsworthy; N. Haque; A.L.F. Hellwing; P. Huhtanen; M. Kreuzer; B. Kuhla; P. Lund; J. Madsen; C. Martin; P.J. Moate; S. Muetzel; C. Muñoz; N. Peiren; J.M. Powell; C.K. Reynolds; A. Schwarm; K.J. Shingfield; T.M. Storlien; M.R. Weisbjerg; D.R. Yáñez-Ruiz; Z. Yu. 2018. "Symposium review: Uncertainties in enteric methane inventories, measurement techniques, and prediction models." Journal of Dairy Science 101, no. 7: 6655-6674.

Journal article
Published: 24 February 2018 in Land
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This study investigated the effects of feeding system on diurnal enteric methane (CH4) emissions from individual cows on commercial farms. Data were obtained from 830 cows across 12 farms, and data collated included production records, CH4 measurements (in the breath of cows using CH4 analysers at robotic milking stations for at least seven days) and diet composition. Cows received either a partial mixed ration (PMR) or a PMR with grazing. A linear mixed model was used to describe variation in CH4 emissions per individual cow and assess the effect of feeding system. Methane emissions followed a consistent diurnal pattern across both feeding systems, with emissions lowest between 05:00 and 08:59, and with a peak concentration between 17:00 and 20:59. No overall difference in emissions was found between feeding systems studied; however, differences were found in the diurnal pattern of CH4 emissions between feeding systems. The response in emissions to increasing dry matter intake was higher for cows fed PMR with grazing. This study showed that repeated spot measurements of CH4 emissions whilst cows are milked can be used to assess the effects of feeding system and potentially benchmark farms on level of emissions.

ACS Style

Max Eckert; Matt Bell; Sarah Potterton; Jim Craigon; Neil Saunders; Ruth Wilcox; Morag Hunter; Jennifer Goodman; Phil Garnsworthy. Effect of Feeding System on Enteric Methane Emissions from Individual Dairy Cows on Commercial Farms. Land 2018, 7, 26 .

AMA Style

Max Eckert, Matt Bell, Sarah Potterton, Jim Craigon, Neil Saunders, Ruth Wilcox, Morag Hunter, Jennifer Goodman, Phil Garnsworthy. Effect of Feeding System on Enteric Methane Emissions from Individual Dairy Cows on Commercial Farms. Land. 2018; 7 (1):26.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Max Eckert; Matt Bell; Sarah Potterton; Jim Craigon; Neil Saunders; Ruth Wilcox; Morag Hunter; Jennifer Goodman; Phil Garnsworthy. 2018. "Effect of Feeding System on Enteric Methane Emissions from Individual Dairy Cows on Commercial Farms." Land 7, no. 1: 26.

Primary research article
Published: 16 February 2018 in Global Change Biology
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Enteric methane (CH4) production from cattle contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions. Measurement of enteric CH4 is complex, expensive, and impractical at large scales; therefore, models are commonly used to predict CH4 production. However, building robust prediction models requires extensive data from animals under different management systems worldwide. The objectives of this study were to (1) collate a global database of enteric CH4 production from individual lactating dairy cattle; (2) determine the availability of key variables for predicting enteric CH4 production (g/day per cow), yield [g/kg dry matter intake (DMI)], and intensity (g/kg energy corrected milk) and their respective relationships; (3) develop intercontinental and regional models and cross‐validate their performance; and (4) assess the trade‐off between availability of on‐farm inputs and CH4 prediction accuracy. The intercontinental database covered Europe (EU), the United States (US), and Australia (AU). A sequential approach was taken by incrementally adding key variables to develop models with increasing complexity. Methane emissions were predicted by fitting linear mixed models. Within model categories, an intercontinental model with the most available independent variables performed best with root mean square prediction error (RMSPE) as a percentage of mean observed value of 16.6%, 14.7%, and 19.8% for intercontinental, EU, and United States regions, respectively. Less complex models requiring only DMI had predictive ability comparable to complex models. Enteric CH4 production, yield, and intensity prediction models developed on an intercontinental basis had similar performance across regions, however, intercepts and slopes were different with implications for prediction. Revised CH4 emission conversion factors for specific regions are required to improve CH4 production estimates in national inventories. In conclusion, information on DMI is required for good prediction, and other factors such as dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration, improve the prediction. For enteric CH4 yield and intensity prediction, information on milk yield and composition is required for better estimation.

ACS Style

Mutian Niu; Ermias Kebreab; Alexander N. Hristov; Joonpyo Oh; Claudia Arndt; André Bannink; Ali-Reza Bayat; André F. Brito; Tommy Boland; David Casper; Les A. Crompton; Jan Dijkstra; Maguy A. Eugène; Phil C. Garnsworthy; Najmul Haque; Anne L. F. Hellwing; Pekka Huhtanen; Michael Kreuzer; Bjoern Kuhla; Peter Lund; Jørgen Madsen; Cécile Martin; Shelby C. McClelland; Mark McGee; Peter J. Moate; Stefan Muetzel; Camila Muñoz; Padraig O'Kiely; Nico Peiren; Christopher K. Reynolds; Angela Schwarm; Kevin J. Shingfield; Tonje M. Storlien; Martin R. Weisbjerg; David R. Yáñez‐Ruiz; Zhongtang Yu. Prediction of enteric methane production, yield, and intensity in dairy cattle using an intercontinental database. Global Change Biology 2018, 24, 3368 -3389.

AMA Style

Mutian Niu, Ermias Kebreab, Alexander N. Hristov, Joonpyo Oh, Claudia Arndt, André Bannink, Ali-Reza Bayat, André F. Brito, Tommy Boland, David Casper, Les A. Crompton, Jan Dijkstra, Maguy A. Eugène, Phil C. Garnsworthy, Najmul Haque, Anne L. F. Hellwing, Pekka Huhtanen, Michael Kreuzer, Bjoern Kuhla, Peter Lund, Jørgen Madsen, Cécile Martin, Shelby C. McClelland, Mark McGee, Peter J. Moate, Stefan Muetzel, Camila Muñoz, Padraig O'Kiely, Nico Peiren, Christopher K. Reynolds, Angela Schwarm, Kevin J. Shingfield, Tonje M. Storlien, Martin R. Weisbjerg, David R. Yáñez‐Ruiz, Zhongtang Yu. Prediction of enteric methane production, yield, and intensity in dairy cattle using an intercontinental database. Global Change Biology. 2018; 24 (8):3368-3389.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mutian Niu; Ermias Kebreab; Alexander N. Hristov; Joonpyo Oh; Claudia Arndt; André Bannink; Ali-Reza Bayat; André F. Brito; Tommy Boland; David Casper; Les A. Crompton; Jan Dijkstra; Maguy A. Eugène; Phil C. Garnsworthy; Najmul Haque; Anne L. F. Hellwing; Pekka Huhtanen; Michael Kreuzer; Bjoern Kuhla; Peter Lund; Jørgen Madsen; Cécile Martin; Shelby C. McClelland; Mark McGee; Peter J. Moate; Stefan Muetzel; Camila Muñoz; Padraig O'Kiely; Nico Peiren; Christopher K. Reynolds; Angela Schwarm; Kevin J. Shingfield; Tonje M. Storlien; Martin R. Weisbjerg; David R. Yáñez‐Ruiz; Zhongtang Yu. 2018. "Prediction of enteric methane production, yield, and intensity in dairy cattle using an intercontinental database." Global Change Biology 24, no. 8: 3368-3389.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Animal
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Diet manipulation and genetic selection are two important mitigation strategies for reducing enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminant livestock. The aim of this study was to assess whether the diurnal pattern of CH4 emissions from individual dairy cows changes over time when cows are fed on diets varying in forage composition. Emissions of CH4 from 36 cows were measured during milking in an automatic (robotic) milking station in three consecutive feeding periods, for a total of 84 days. In Periods 1 and 2, the 36 cows were fed a high-forage partial mixed ration (PMR) containing 75% forage, with either a high grass silage or high maize silage content. In Period 3, cows were fed a commercial PMR containing 69% forage. Cows were offered PMR ad libitum plus concentrates during milking and CH4 emitted by individual cows was sampled during 8662 milkings. A linear mixed model was used to assess differences among cows, feeding periods and time of day. Considerable variation was observed among cows in daily mean and diurnal patterns of CH4 emissions. On average, cows produced less CH4 when fed on the commercial PMR in feeding Period 3 than when the same cows were fed on high-forage diets in feeding Periods 1 and 2. The average diurnal pattern for CH4 emissions did not significantly change between feeding periods and as lactation progressed. Emissions of CH4 were positively associated with dry matter (DM) intake and forage DM intake. It is concluded that if the management of feed allocation remains constant then the diurnal pattern of CH4 emissions from dairy cows will not necessarily alter over time. A change in diet composition may bring about an increase or decrease in absolute emissions over a 24-h period without significantly changing the diurnal pattern unless management of feed allocation changes. These findings are important for CH4 monitoring techniques that involve taking measurements over short periods within a day rather than complete 24-h observations.

ACS Style

Matthew Bell; Jim Craigon; N. Saunders; J. R. Goodman; Phil Garnsworthy. Does the diurnal pattern of enteric methane emissions from dairy cows change over time? Animal 2018, 12, 2065 -2070.

AMA Style

Matthew Bell, Jim Craigon, N. Saunders, J. R. Goodman, Phil Garnsworthy. Does the diurnal pattern of enteric methane emissions from dairy cows change over time? Animal. 2018; 12 (10):2065-2070.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matthew Bell; Jim Craigon; N. Saunders; J. R. Goodman; Phil Garnsworthy. 2018. "Does the diurnal pattern of enteric methane emissions from dairy cows change over time?" Animal 12, no. 10: 2065-2070.

Review
Published: 01 November 2016 in Environmental Research
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This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.033Climate change has the potential to impair livestock health, with consequences for animal welfare, productivity, greenhouse gas emissions, and human livelihoods and health. Modelling has an important role in assessing the impacts of climate change on livestock systems and the efficacy of potential adaptation strategies, to support decision making for more efficient, resilient and sustainable production. However, a coherent set of challenges and research priorities for modelling livestock health and pathogens under climate change has not previously been available. To identify such challenges and priorities, researchers from across Europe were engaged in a horizon-scanning study, involving workshop and questionnaire based exercises and focussed literature reviews. Eighteen key challenges were identified and grouped into six categories based on subject-specific and capacity building requirements. Across a number of challenges, the need for inventories relating model types to different applications (e.g. the pathogen species, region, scale of focus and purpose to which they can be applied) was identified, in order to identify gaps in capability in relation to the impacts of climate change on animal health. The need for collaboration and learning across disciplines was highlighted in several challenges, e.g. to better understand and model complex ecological interactions between pathogens, vectors, wildlife hosts and livestock in the context of climate change. Collaboration between socio-economic and biophysical disciplines was seen as important for better engagement with stakeholders and for improved modelling of the costs and benefits of poor livestock health. The need for more comprehensive validation of empirical relationships, for harmonising terminology and measurements, and for building capacity for under-researched nations, systems and health problems indicated the importance of joined up approaches across nations. The challenges and priorities identified can help focus the development of modelling capacity and future research structures in this vital field. Well-funded networks capable of managing the long-term development of shared resources are required in order to create a cohesive modelling community equipped to tackle the complex challenges of climate change.authorsversionPeer reviewe

ACS Style

Şeyda Özkan; Andrea Vitali; Nicola Lacetera; Barbara Amon; André Bannink; Dave J. Bartley; Isabel Blanco-Penedo; Yvette de Haas; Isabelle Dufrasne; John Elliott; Vera Eory; Naomi J. Fox; Phil Garnsworthy; Nicolas Gengler; Hedi Hammami; Ilias Kyriazakis; David Leclere; Françoise Lessire; Michael Macleod; Timothy P. Robinson; Alejandro Ruete; Daniel Sandars; Shailesh Shrestha; Alistair W. Stott; Stanislaw Twardy; Marie-Laure Vanrobays; Bouda Vosough Ahmadi; Isabelle Weindl; Nick Wheelhouse; Adrian G. Williams; Hefin W. Williams; Anthony Wilson; Søren Østergaard; Richard P. Kipling. Challenges and priorities for modelling livestock health and pathogens in the context of climate change. Environmental Research 2016, 151, 130 -144.

AMA Style

Şeyda Özkan, Andrea Vitali, Nicola Lacetera, Barbara Amon, André Bannink, Dave J. Bartley, Isabel Blanco-Penedo, Yvette de Haas, Isabelle Dufrasne, John Elliott, Vera Eory, Naomi J. Fox, Phil Garnsworthy, Nicolas Gengler, Hedi Hammami, Ilias Kyriazakis, David Leclere, Françoise Lessire, Michael Macleod, Timothy P. Robinson, Alejandro Ruete, Daniel Sandars, Shailesh Shrestha, Alistair W. Stott, Stanislaw Twardy, Marie-Laure Vanrobays, Bouda Vosough Ahmadi, Isabelle Weindl, Nick Wheelhouse, Adrian G. Williams, Hefin W. Williams, Anthony Wilson, Søren Østergaard, Richard P. Kipling. Challenges and priorities for modelling livestock health and pathogens in the context of climate change. Environmental Research. 2016; 151 ():130-144.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Şeyda Özkan; Andrea Vitali; Nicola Lacetera; Barbara Amon; André Bannink; Dave J. Bartley; Isabel Blanco-Penedo; Yvette de Haas; Isabelle Dufrasne; John Elliott; Vera Eory; Naomi J. Fox; Phil Garnsworthy; Nicolas Gengler; Hedi Hammami; Ilias Kyriazakis; David Leclere; Françoise Lessire; Michael Macleod; Timothy P. Robinson; Alejandro Ruete; Daniel Sandars; Shailesh Shrestha; Alistair W. Stott; Stanislaw Twardy; Marie-Laure Vanrobays; Bouda Vosough Ahmadi; Isabelle Weindl; Nick Wheelhouse; Adrian G. Williams; Hefin W. Williams; Anthony Wilson; Søren Østergaard; Richard P. Kipling. 2016. "Challenges and priorities for modelling livestock health and pathogens in the context of climate change." Environmental Research 151, no. : 130-144.