In the current business environment, where the customer is the primary focus, effective communication between marketing and senior management is vital for success. Effective customer profiling is a cornerstone of strategic decision-making for digital start-ups seeking sustainable growth and customer satisfaction. This research investigates the clustering of customers based on recency, frequency, and monetary (RFM) analysis and employs validation metrics to derive optimal clusters. The K-means clustering algorithm, coupled with the Elbow method, Silhouette coefficient, and Gap Statistics method, facilitates the identification of distinct customer segments. The study unveils three primary clusters with unique characteristics: new customers (Cluster A), best customers (Cluster B), and intermittent customers (Cluster C). For platform-based Edutech start-ups, Cluster A underscores the importance of tailored learning content and support, Cluster B emphasizes personalized incentives, and Cluster C suggests re-engagement strategies. By understanding and addressing the diverse needs of these clusters, digital start-ups can forge enduring connections, optimize customer engagement, and fuel sustainable business growth.

Tables are everywhere, from scientific journals, articles, websites, and newspapers all the way to items we buy at the supermarket. Detecting them is thus of utmost importance to automatically understanding the content of a document. The performance of table detection has substantially increased thanks to the rapid development of deep learning networks. The goals of this survey are to provide a profound comprehension of the major developments in the field of Table Detection, offer insight into the different methodologies, and provide a systematic taxonomy of the different approaches. Furthermore, we provide an analysis of both classic and new applications in the field. Lastly, the datasets and source code of the existing models are organized to provide the reader with a compass on this vast literature. Finally, we go over the architecture of utilizing various object detection and table structure recognition methods to create an effective and efficient system, as well as a set of development trends to keep up with state-of-the-art algorithms and future research. We have also set up a public GitHub repository where we will be updating the most recent publications, open data, and source code. The GitHub repository is available at https://github.com/abdoelsayed2016/table-detection-structure-recognition.

In this paper, we address the significant gap in Arabic natural language processing (NLP) resources by introducing ArabicaQA, the first large-scale dataset for machine reading comprehension and open-domain question answering in Arabic. This comprehensive dataset, consisting of 89,095 answerable and 3,701 unanswerable questions created by crowdworkers to look similar to answerable ones, along with additional labels of open-domain questions marks a crucial advancement in Arabic NLP resources. We also present AraDPR, the first dense passage retrieval model trained on the Arabic Wikipedia corpus, specifically designed to tackle the unique challenges of Arabic text retrieval. Furthermore, our study includes extensive benchmarking of large language models (LLMs) for Arabic question answering, critically evaluating their performance in the Arabic language context. In conclusion, ArabicaQA, AraDPR, and the benchmarking of LLMs in Arabic question answering offer significant advancements in the field of Arabic NLP. The dataset and code are publicly accessible for further research https://github.com/DataScienceUIBK/ArabicaQA.

Masked face recognition (MFR) has emerged as a critical domain in biometric identification, especially with the global COVID-19 pandemic, which introduced widespread face masks. This survey paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and advancements in recognizing and detecting individuals with masked faces, which has seen innovative shifts due to the necessity of adapting to new societal norms. Advanced through deep learning techniques, MFR, along with face mask recognition (FMR) and face unmasking (FU), represents significant areas of focus. These methods address unique challenges posed by obscured facial features, from fully to partially covered faces. Our comprehensive review explores the various deep learning-based methodologies developed for MFR, FMR, and FU, highlighting their distinctive challenges and the solutions proposed to overcome them. Additionally, we explore benchmark datasets and evaluation metrics specifically tailored for assessing performance in MFR research. The survey also discusses the substantial obstacles still facing researchers in this field and proposes future directions for the ongoing development of more robust and effective masked face recognition systems. This paper serves as an invaluable resource for researchers and practitioners, offering insights into the evolving landscape of face recognition technologies in the face of global health crises and beyond.

Overcoming occlusions in light field (LF) imaging is a challenging yet complex task crucial for scene understanding, image quality enhancement, and restoring visual details in obstructed scenes. This review examines contemporary occlusion removal methods, spanning from classical techniques to advanced deep learning approaches that leverage LF data’s spatial and angular dimensions. We categorize these methods into two domains: (1) single-view inpainting methods often adapted for LF contexts, and (2) specialized LF occlusion removal techniques that exploit multi-view data. The review explores how these methods mitigate occlusion artifacts and also investigates LF acquisition technologies, representations, and the role of loss functions in optimizing model performance. A discussion of publicly available datasets and performance evaluation metrics addresses the challenges of handling large occlusions. The review concludes with future research directions, emphasizing hybrid approaches, refined loss functions, and scalable solutions for LF occlusion removal.