Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess postural stability in patients after total and unicompartmental knee arthroplasties. Materials and Methods: The study included 40 women who had undergone knee arthroplasties—20 women who had undergone total knee arthroplasty (TKA) (mean age 63.47 ± 2.17) and 20 women who had undergone unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) (mean age 64.65 ± 1.93). The comparison group consisted of 20 healthy women aged 60–69 years (mean age 64.45 ± 3.12). The average time from surgery to stabilometry was 14.4 months. Each patient underwent stabilography using a single-plate stabilography platform, which included both Romberg’s test and a dynamic test. Additionally, the WOMAC scale was administered, where patients assessed their condition both before surgery and at the present time. Results: The averaged Romberg’s test results show a slight displacement in the center of mass (COM) toward the forefoot and towards the right limb in both the TKA and UKA groups. The WOMAC scale results showed significant improvement and satisfactory functional outcomes in both groups. Conclusions: The study indicated that one year after surgery, patients in both groups required a larger base of support to maintain postural control. However, the results for the UKA group were more similar to those of healthy individuals.

Background/Objective: Playing-related musculoskeletal disorders are highly prevalent among bowed string musicians and may impair performance and career longevity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of motor control-based interventions on pain, functional outcomes, range of motion, and neuromuscular parameters in musicians playing bowed string instruments. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from inception to October 2025, and the search was updated before resubmission to identify any newly published eligible studies. Eligibility screening, full-text assessment, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment were independently verified by a second reviewer. Risk of bias was assessed according to study design using RoB 2 for the randomized controlled trial and ROBINS-I for non-randomized interventional studies. Results: Four interventional studies met the inclusion criteria. Three studies reported improvements in pain-related outcomes or PRMD severity, and three reported improvements in functional outcomes. One study demonstrated improved cervical range of motion, whereas one study reported altered shoulder girdle muscle activation patterns with reduced playing comfort. Overall, the certainty of the available evidence was limited by small sample sizes, non-randomized designs, and risk of bias. Conclusions: Limited evidence suggests that motor control-based interventions may be associated with improvements in pain and playing-related function in bowed string musicians; however, the evidence base remains small and methodologically heterogeneous, and conclusions should be interpreted with caution.

Background/Objectives: This paper analyzes the movement and relationships within the lumbopelvic–hip complex during forward trunk bending in young women with chronic low back pain. Methods: This study involved 24 women aged 20–24 with chronic low back pain. They were randomly divided into two equal-sized groups: Group 1 participated in a 12-week functional training program, and Group 2 was a control without any intervention. The level of perceived pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Qualitative motion analysis was performed using the BTS SMART-D system. Custom indicators were developed to evaluate the angular relationships and ranges of motion in the lumbar spine and the lumbopelvic–hip complex. The functional training program consisted of three sections: motor control and stabilization, muscle strengthening, and stretching exercises. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 13.3. Results: The therapy resulted in a reduction in perceived pain levels reported by the participants. There was a significant improvement in the quality of the forward trunk bending pattern in women who underwent functional training. Conclusions: Significant modifications in the quality, technique, and angular relationships within the lumbopelvic–hip complex were observed during the forward trunk bending pattern in women undergoing functional training. It has proven to be an effective form of therapy for chronic low back pain.

Background: The aim of this prospective longitudinal observational study was to assess respiratory muscle function after surgical correction of scoliosis in individuals with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Material: The study included 20 patients (aged 7–19) with scoliosis in the course of neuromuscular disease, eligible for surgical treatment with diagnosed SMA Type 2 or 3. Methods: Measurements were taken of the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) [cmH₂O] and the maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) [cmH₂O] in all patients immediately before surgical correction of scoliosis (measurement I), 7 days after surgery (measurement II) and 3 months after surgery (measurement III). Results: The mean Cobb angle of spinal curvature measured before surgery in the entire group was 102.57 ± 17.96. The mean MEP values in the entire group of patients were 40.48 ± 11.76 cmH₂O before surgery, 36.74 ± 17.17 cmH₂O after 7 days, and 39.17 ± 16.18 cmH₂O 3 months after surgery. The MIP values for the entire group were 64.35 ± 28.40 cmH₂O before surgery, 53.96 ± 28.66 cmH₂O after 7 days, and 67.00 ± 31.27 cmH₂O after 3 months. Conclusions: Surgical correction of spinal curvature creates conditions for maintaining respiratory muscle strength in patients with SMA over a period of several months of observation. As a result of the surgical intervention, respiratory muscle strength did not deteriorate, but even slightly increased.

Upper crossed syndrome (UCS) is a prevalent postural pattern associated with myofascial pain and limited cervical mobility in sedentary adults. Evidence supports both motor control training (MCT) and soft-tissue therapy (STT), but their comparative effects remain uncertain. This exploratory randomized controlled pilot trial examined and compared the effects of MCT and STT on pain, cervical range of motion (ROM), and head posture in women with UCS. Thirty women aged 37–53 years with clinically identified UCS were randomly allocated to MCT (G1) or STT (G2) (n = 15 each). Interventions lasted 8 weeks. G1 performed supervised low-load MCT three times weekly (45 min/session) targeting deep cervical flexors, scapular stabilizers, and postural control. G2 received once-weekly 30-min STT (myofascial release, post-isometric relaxation, muscle energy techniques, and trigger-point techniques) targeting relevant cervical-thoracic and scapular muscles. The primary outcome was pain intensity (visual analogue scale, VAS). Secondary outcomes were Laitinen pain scale score, cervical ROM (CROM device) in habitual and corrected head positions, and head posture angles in standing and sitting. Outcomes were assessed pre- and postintervention. Analyses used appropriate parametric/non-parametric tests (α = 0.05) with effect sizes (Cohen’s d or r) and 95% confidence intervals. Both groups showed clinically meaningful pain reduction. The VAS score decreased from 3.26 ± 1.39 to 1.67 ± 1.23 in G1 (p < 0.001; d = 1.19, 95% CI 0.47–1.85) and from 3.33 ± 1.68 to 1.47 ± 0.91 in G2 (p < 0.001; d = 1.36, 95% CI 0.61–2.01). Laitinen scores also improved (G1: from 4.80 ± 1.66 to 2.93 ± 1.44, p < 0.001; d = 1.17, 95% CI 0.45–1.83; G2: from 4.47 ± 2.03 to3.00 ± 1.46, p < 0.001; d = 0.80, 95% CI 0.15–1.45). The between-group comparisons suggested larger improvements in several ROM and posture measures in G1, particularly for lateral flexion and rotation in habitual and corrected positions (e.g., corrected right lateral flexion change: 9.07° ± 5.08 vs 3.20° ± 4.28; p < 0.001). Postintervention between-group differences were observed for selected outcomes (e.g., standing retraction angle, habitual extension, and corrected extension and rotation; p ≤ 0.01). Eight weeks of both MCT and STT were associated with reduced pain in women with UCS. Pain improvements were comparable between groups, whereas MCT was associated with larger improvements in selected ROM and head-posture measures. These findings provide preliminary comparative data to inform adequately powered trials with balanced intervention dose and longer follow-up.