ObjetivoOs acidentes são a principal causa de mortalidade entre crianças e adolescentes. Para sua prevenção, faz-se necessário conhecer esses eventos. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as características dos acidentes e das vítimas crianças e adolescentes, atendidas nos serviços sentinela de urgência em Campinas, comparando os dados obtidos nos Inquéritos Sentinela dos anos de 2011 e 2014.MétodosTrata-se de estudo descritivo transversal, em que foram incluídas vítimas de acidentes na faixa etária de 0 a 19 anos, residentes em Campinas, e que procuraram atendimento por essas ocorrências pela primeira vez, durante trinta dias consecutivos, em 2011 ou em 2014. Realizou-se análise descritiva por meio de distribuição de frequências e, para a avaliação da associação entre variáveis, empregou-se o teste de Qui-Quadrado.ResultadosForam analisados os dados de 284 atendimentos prestados em 2011, bem como os 414 atendimentos de 2014, de forma comparativa. O estudo concluiu que as vítimas mais frequentes pertenciam ao sexo masculino (59,9% e 63,3%, respectivamente em 2011 e 2014) e foram transportadas ao serviço por veículo particular (66,9% e 69,9%). Os acidentes mais frequentes foram quedas (45,4% e 41,3%) e outros eventos (39,8% e 42,8%), predominando o choque contra objeto/pessoa. Os acidentes ocorreram, principalmente, na residência (39,8% e 46,1%), de segunda a sexta-feira (64,4% e 64,3%), no período entre 12h e 18h (50,0% e 46,9%). A lesão predominante foi contusão (33,8% e 25,8%), principalmente nos membros superiores (38,6% e 29,2%) e nos inferiores (33,7% e 25,6%). A evolução nas primeiras 24 horas foi alta em 90,5% e 92,8% dos casos, respectivamente.ConclusãoEm síntese, o estudo concluiu que predominaram vítimas do sexo masculino, que chegaram ao hospital por veículo particular. Prevaleceram quedas dentro da residência, causando contusões em membros, que evoluíram para alta.

The risk of infection transmission from mother to fetus depends on the pathogen. TORCH agents cause some neuroinfections, including Toxoplasmosis, rubella, Cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex 1 and 2, and others (Varicella Zoster, Parvovirus B-19, Epstein–Barr virus, and Zika virus). The consequences can be stillbirth, prematurity, uterine growth restriction, and congenital malformations. The detection of DNA/RNA from CSF by molecular methods is a marker of the involvement of congenital infection in the central nervous system. This study aimed to identify the frequency of these pathogens in CSF samples from newborns (1 to 28 days old) at a tertiary hospital, using PCR, and determine the clinical consequences. Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study involving the molecular analysis of 151 CSF samples from neonates, collected for cytological and biochemical diagnosis from 2017 to 2021. After the results and consent from the participants’ caregivers were obtained, the leftover material was sent to the University’s Virology Laboratory and submitted for DNA/RNA extraction and Nested-PCR/RT-PCR. A review of the patients’ medical records and descriptive statistics was performed. This work was approved by the Ethics Committee (CAAE: 86760218.3.0000.5404). Results: A total of 151 CSF samples were obtained, 16 of which were positive (10.6% [95% CI%: 6.18–16.63%]). Two of these were PCR-positive for HSV-1 (1.3%), four for VZV (2.6%), one for CMV (0.67%), two for Toxoplasmosis (1.3%), four for Parvovirus B-19 (2.6%), and four for Zika (2.6%). The proportion of positive PCR results was higher in the group that presented with malformations (25.0% vs. 8.4%, p = 0.040). Conclusions: The pathogens identified by PCR were mostly Zika virus, VZV, and B-19, and these were mainly found in newborns with malformations.

Objective: To verify the use and identify advantages of molecular methods for congenital infections diagnosis in cerebrospinal fluid of neonates. Data source: The review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), under CRD42021274210. The literature search was performed in databases: PubMed, Virtual Health Library/ Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (VHL/BIREME), Scopus, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Cochrane, ProQuest, and EBSCOhost. The search was carried out from August to October 2021 and updated in December 2022, respecting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The selection sequence was: 1) Duplicate title removal; 2) Examination of titles and abstracts; 3) Full-text retrieval of potentially relevant reports; and 4) Evaluation of the full text according to eligibility criteria by two independent authors. Inclusion criteria considered randomized and non-randomized control trials, longitudinal, cross-sectional, and peer-reviewed studies in humans, published in English, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese, with newborns up to 28 days old who had congenital neuroinfections by toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex (TORCH), and others such as Treponema pallidum, Zika, parvovirus B-19, varicella zoster, Epstein-Barr, and SARS-CoV2, diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two evaluators extracted the following information: author, year of publication, nationality, subjects, study type, methods, results, and conclusion. Data synthesis: The most studied pathogen was herpes simplex. Several articles reported only nonspecific initial symptoms, motivating the collection of cerebrospinal fluid and performing PCR for etiological investigation. Conclusions: Molecular methods are effective to detect pathogen genomes in cerebrospinal fluid, which can impact clinical evolution and neurological prognosis.

Detection of ribonucleic acid (RNA) Zika virus in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by molecular methods serves as a marker of the involvement of congenital infection in newborns’ central nervous system. This study aims to describe the detection of Zika virus genome in CSF samples from newborns (aged from one to 28 days) using molecular biology and its clinical consequences following the Zika virus epidemic from October 2015 to May 2017, in Brazil. This prospective descriptive study molecularly analyzed 151 CSF samples from neonates at Professor Doutor Jose Aristodemo Pinotti Hospital, collected for cytological and biochemical diagnosis from June 2017 to June 2021. After the consent of legal guardians, signing of free and informed consent forms, and the issuance of these results, the remaining CSF was sent to the Virology Laboratory of School of Medical Sciences in the State University of Campinas (Unicamp) and was subjected to RNA extraction and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A review of patients’ medical records and descriptive statistics were also performed. This study obtained 151 CSF samples, four of which were PCR positive for Zika virus (2.6%, with two presenting congenital malformations). These results suggest the clinical relevance of etiological diagnosis of congenital Zika syndrome by molecular biology in newborns’ CSF samples even after the Zika virus epidemic (which occurred from October 2015 to May 2017) in Brazil.