Background: The triglyceride-cholesterol-body weight index (TCBI) is a simple and reliable indicator of nutritional status. This investigation aimed to explore the association between TCBI and sarcopenia among older individuals in China. Methods: The AWGS 2019 criteria were utilized to evaluate sarcopenia. TCBI was calculated as (TG × TC × BW)/1000. Logistic regression analysis explored the independent connection between TCBI and the occurrence of sarcopenia. RCS was employed to investigate both linear and nonlinear correlations, and threshold effects were scrutinized. Furthermore, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. Results: This study included 5293 participants. The TCBI was found to be negatively associated with sarcopenia in a fully corrected model, with a 66% decrease in the prevalence of sarcopenia for each 1-unit increase in LgTCBI (OR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.28–0.41; p < 0.001). The study showed that this association was further highlighted in those with normal BMI and remains consistent in sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, we found a nonlinear association between both TCBI and sarcopenia, with an inflection point of 7.05 by the RCS curve and threshold effect analysis. Conclusion: This study revealed a nonlinear negative correlation between TCBI and sarcopenia, highlighting the implications of these findings for the early screening and timely intervention of sarcopenia.

Background The prevalent preoperative nutritional evaluations in surgical settings tend to rely on isolated biochemical parameters, such as albumin levels, which demonstrate limited precision in forecasting postoperative complications and mortality rate. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the predictive accuracy of nutrition screening tools in identifying postoperative risks and mortality in various orthopedic surgeries, and to determine which tools are the most reliable. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, CNKI, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central databases for studies on the relationship between nutritional status and postoperative outcomes in older orthopedic surgery patients. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to May 2025. Subgroup analyses evaluated the impact of various factors on outcomes. Meta-regression was performed to further explore heterogeneity. Results The current investigation encompasses 11 studies, inclusive of 201,338 geriatric orthopedic surgery patients. The result showed that malnutrition assessed by nutrition screening tools was significantly associated with postoperative complications (RR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.26–2.15), and postoperative mortality as well (RR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.58-3.00). Significant statistical heterogeneity was observed in the primary analyses, but sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the primary findings. Subgroup analyses revealed variations based on factors like study design, geographic location, and Surgical procedure. Meta-regression identified study design as a significant predictor of postoperative complications. Conclusion Nutrition screening tools are effective in identifying preoperative malnutrition and can be utilized as predictive factors for the risk of adverse outcomes in older patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries.

Background: Serum calcium, a key biochemical marker in the body, plays a crucial role in maintaining bone health. Nevertheless, research exploring the link between preoperative serum calcium levels and the occurrence of postoperative complications in elderly orthopedic patients is currently lacking. Aims: This study sought to assess the ability of preoperative serum calcium levels to predict the occurrence of postoperative complications in geriatric orthopedic surgery. Methods: We utilized multivariate logistic regression to identify correlations between serum calcium levels and complications. Generalized additive models to analyze the dose-response relationship with curve fitting and threshold effect evaluation. Subgroup analyses further evaluated the impact of other covariates. Results: This study included 690 elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Common postoperative complications primarily included infection, hypoalbuminemia, and electrolyte imbalance, etc. The study demonstrated that preoperative serum calcium levels were an independent protective factor against postoperative complications (OR: 0.24, CI: 0.07–0.76, P = 0.036). When comparing groups based on serum calcium tertiles, patients in the low calcium group exhibited a 79% higher risk of complications compared to the high calcium group (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.12–2.78). Further nonlinear relationship analysis revealed a threshold effect between serum calcium and postoperative complication risk, with a turning point at 2.4 mmol/L. The association was statistically significant below this value but not above it. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests showed that age, gender, comorbidities, and medications, cognitive function, cardiac function, and surgical complexity were not significantly associated with this correlation (P > 0.05 for interaction). Conclusion: Preoperative calcium screening and correction may represent a simple, low-cost strategy to reduce postoperative complications in elderly orthopedic patients. This study provides evidence for the importance of actively correcting calcium levels before surgery and establishes the value of serum calcium as an early warning indicator for poor prognosis.

Background: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors demonstrate significant lipid‐lowering effects, but the widespread use of anti‐PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies remains limited. Purpose: This study is aimed at understanding patients′ real‐world experiences with anti‐PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies from a subjective perspective and identifying key factors influencing medication adherence. Methods: A qualitative research methodology was employed, involving face‐to‐face semistructured in‐depth interviews with 24 individuals who had previously used anti‐PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies. The interviews were guided by a thematic framework approach and recorded in their entirety. Posttranscription, Colaizzi′s phenomenological analysis method was utilized to systematically collect and interpret patient‐reported subjective experiences. Results: Among those continuing treatment, the most common motivating factors were the anti‐PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies′ favorable efficacy and fewer adverse reactions. Among those discontinuing treatment, the primary reasons for stopping were high medication costs (62.5%), insufficient recognition of the necessity for continued use (62.5%), and unwillingness to use injection administration (68.75%). The underlying determinants of patients′ behavioral patterns can be elucidated and mitigated by applying the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior. Conclusion: Research findings indicate that patients′ willingness to use medication is primarily influenced by three factors: perceived good efficacy, health awareness, and fear of needles and economic burden. We are aimed at enhancing long‐term clinical benefits for patients and improving treatment adherence, establishing education about drug efficacy and necessity, promoting innovation of nasal spray or long‐acting implant formulations, and achieving precise medical insurance coverage for high‐risk populations. Trial Registration: ChiCTR registration number: ChiCTR2500101339