Cassava (Manihot esculenta) shows high phenotypic plasticity, acclimatization, wide adaptability, and resilience to adverse edaphoclimatic conditions. In this context, this systematic review aims to identify what were the factors that determined the production of cassava in Brazil in the last three decades, and to direct what are the possible perspectives of the crop in the country. The methodology to produce this review was based on studies that which integrate the academic information produced in different situations (1990-2020), environments, states, groups of researchers and existing scientific evidence for this theme. Based on the information, a binary matrix of information was assembled based on the following characters, plant density per hectare, soil type, city, state, average air temperature, planting line spacing, plant spacing on the planting line, implantation date, implantation station, harvesting station, productivity per hectare, days for harvest, liming, fertilization, precipitation and climate. It is evident that in the last 30 years the productivity of cassava in Brazil has been increased, mainly in low-income populations and those located in rural areas. There are prospects for increasing cassava production for fresh sale and industry. The crop is characterized as rustic, highly adaptive, tolerant of water stress and acidic soils, being highly influenced by the climate, rainfall, air temperature, and incident solar radiation. Productivity is determined by the time of implantation, liming, fertilization, density, and plant arrangement.

Rising CO₂ levels, as predicted by global climate models, are altering environmental factors such as the water cycle, leading to soil waterlogging and reduced oxygen availability for plant roots. These conditions result in decreased energy production, increased fermentative metabolism, impaired nutrient uptake, reduced nitrogen fixation, and altered leaf gas exchanges, ultimately reducing crop productivity. Co-inoculation techniques involving multiple plant growth-promoting bacteria or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have shown promise in enhancing plant resilience to stress by improving nutrient uptake, biomass production, and nitrogen fixation. This study aimed to investigate carbon and nitrogen metabolism adaptations in soybean plants co-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium elkanii, Azospirillum brasilense, and Rhizophagus intraradices under waterlogged conditions in CO₂-enriched environments. Plants were grown in pots in open-top chambers at ambient CO₂ concentration (a[CO₂]) and elevated CO₂ concentration (e[CO₂]). After reaching the V5 growth stage, the plants were subjected to waterlogging for seven days, followed by a four-day reoxygenation period. The results showed that plants’ co-inoculation under e[CO₂] mitigated the adverse effects of waterlogging. Notably, plants inoculated solely with B. elkanii under e[CO₂] displayed results similar to co-inoculated plants under a[CO₂], suggesting that co-inoculation effectively mitigates the waterlogging stress, with plant physiological traits comparable to those observed under elevated CO₂ conditions.

Os agrotóxicos são agentes formados por uma grande variedade de moléculas químicos (principalmente) ou biológicos, desenvolvidos para matar, eliminar, acabar ou repelir organismos indesejáveis. Geralmente, além de cumprirem o papel de proteger as culturas agrícolas das pragas, doenças e plantas daninhas, eles têm ação sobre a saúde humano, além do afetarem o meio ambiente, fauna e flora. Pincipalmente, pelo uso incorreto e indiscriminado dos compostos químicos. O trabalho foi elaborado através de uma revisão de literatura. Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos dos três grupos químicos mais utilizados no Brasil, entre eles foram escolhidos um com efeito herbicida (ÁCIDO 2,4 DICLOROFENÓXIACÉTICO), um com efeito inseticida (ACEFATO) e outro com o efeito fungicida (TEBUCONAZOL).

Priming enables plants to respond more promptly, minimise damage, and survive subsequent stress events. Here, we aimed to assess the efficacy of priming and cross-priming in mitigating the stress caused by waterlogging and/or dehydration in soybeans (Glycine max). Soybean plants were cultivated in a greenhouse in plastic pots in which soil moisture was maintained at pot capacity through irrigation. The first stress was applied in plants at the vegetative stage for 5 days and involved either dehydration or waterlogging, depending on the treatment. Subsequently, the plants were irrigated or drained and maintained at pot capacity until the second stress. For the second stress, the conditions were repeated in plants at the reproductive stage. We then evaluated the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation, total soluble sugars (TSS), amino acids, proline, and starch, and the activity of antioxidant, fermentative, and aminotransferase enzymes. Under waterlogging and dehydration, priming and cross-priming significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the levels of TSS, amino acids, and proline while reducing H2O2 concentration and lipid peroxidation. Under waterlogging, priming suppressed fermentative activity and increased carbohydrate content. This demonstrates that soybean plants activate their defence systems more promptly when subjected to priming.

The objective of this work was to identify relationships between the partition of photoassimilates and the accumulation of reserves in seeds at different positions in the soybean legume. The study was based on an exploratory analysis of a soybean production field located in Catuípe, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The base exploratory analysis was on the random selection of 1,000 plants. In each of the 1000 plants, the morphological characters were evaluated. In the 1000 plants, the legumes were separated according to the number of seeds in each legume, forming four groups: 1, 2, 3 and 4 seeds per legumes. From this, for each group, the seeds were stratified according to their position in the legume. Subsequently, in each group, nutritional characteristics and seed quality were evaluated. Analysis of variance, Scott Knott test and linear correlation analysis were performed. Seeds developed in three-cavity legumes in position two have higher seed weight and oil content. Legume seeds with three cavities tend to potentiate the expression of oil contents, while those with one cavity produce seeds with higher levels of protein. The number of branches, average temperature and number of legumes with a seed in the lower and upper thirds positively affect seed weight.