Ovarian cancer is one of the common tumors of the female reproductive organs. It has a high mortality rate, is highly heterogeneous, and early detection and primary prevention are very complex. Autophagy is a cellular process in which cytoplasmic substrates are targeted for degradation in lysosomes through membrane structures called autophagosomes. The periodic elimination of damaged, aged, and redundant cellular molecules or organelles through the sequential translation between amino acids and proteins by two biological processes, protein synthesis, and autophagic protein degradation, helps maintain cellular homeostasis. A growing number of studies have found that autophagy plays a key regulatory role in ovarian cancer. Interestingly, microRNAs regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level and thus can regulate the development and progression of ovarian cancer through the regulation of autophagy in ovarian cancer. Certain miRNAs have recently emerged as important regulators of autophagy-related gene expression in cancer cells. Moreover, miRNA analysis studies have now identified a sea of aberrantly expressed miRNAs in ovarian cancer tissues that can affect autophagy in ovarian cancer cells. In addition, miRNAs in plasma and stromal cells in tumor patients can affect the expression of autophagy-related genes and can be used as biomarkers of ovarian cancer progression. This review focuses on the potential significance of miRNA-regulated autophagy in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.

Breast cancer is a complex and predominant long-term medical condition in women. Its complexity is related to its diversity, variable clinical outcomes, and resistance to standard treatments, emphasizing the need for novel treatment strategies. Pyroptosis is a lytic and inflammatory programmed cell death regulated by the gasdermin protein family. It is a critical factor in cancer biology and plays distinct roles in tumor initiation, progression, and response to anticancer treatments. Pyroptosis, with its inflammatory properties, involves the formation of pores in the plasma membrane, resulting in cellular swelling, lysis, and the release of pro-inflammatory intracellular contents, thereby producing a robust immune response. Emerging studies suggest that pyroptosis plays a crucial role in breast cancer development, indicating its potential as a target for novel therapeutic strategies in breast cancer. Pyroptosis has the potential to directly kill malignant cells and elicit anti-cancer immunity. Therefore, targeting pyroptosis is a promising strategy for cancer therapy development. This review compiles recent advancements in the understanding of pyroptosis as a therapeutic target in breast cancer and discusses the molecular pathways responsible for regulating pyroptosis, the expression and roles of gasdermin proteins in breast cancer, and the modulation of pyroptosis to improve anticancer efficacy and address drug resistance.

Copper, an essential trace element, has recently garnered significant attention in oncology because of cuproptosis, a novel regulated cell death mechanism driven by copper accumulation and its interactions with critical metabolic enzymes. This unique form of cell death is distinct from other established programmed cell death pathways and has profound implications for cancer therapies. Although cuproptosis holds immense therapeutic promise, a comprehensive understanding of its intricate mechanisms, interplay with cellular metabolism, and associated challenges in clinical translation remains to be elucidated. This review systematically details the mechanisms of cuproptosis, its complex interplay with cellular metabolism, and its emerging role in tumorigenesis and therapeutic intervention. We further explored innovative strategies developed to harness cuproptosis, including copper ionophores, nanoparticle delivery systems, small molecules, and gene modulation. Ultimately, we critically examine the existing challenges and future directions in translating cuproptosis-targeting strategies from preclinical models to clinical applications, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach to exploit the dual effects of copper in cancer progression.

The breakout of African swine fever virus (ASFV) has severely impacted food safety and public health. Here, a point‐of‐care testing method based on solvent‐responsive magnetic beads suitable for large‐area diagnosis and mutation screening in remote areas is developed to detect it by combining bioluminescent pyrophosphate in real‐time (BART) technology and recombinase‐aid amplification (RAA) technology. The combined testing method includes selection of different deoxyadenosine triphosphate modification structures and DNA polymerases. The method is conducted on plasmids of ASFV at various concentrations. Based on above, the detection device is developed and achieved detection in real‐time. The detection limit is around 10 copies, with no cross‐reaction of nucleic acid samples from other viruses. Then, it is applied on clinical samples and showed good specificity and detection efficiency. Moreover, this method is also compatible with a digital testing method and digital POCT devices based on RAA‐BART device and a mobile phone shell (based on bionic hydrogel) are developed here. Finally, the sensitive of them are tested and showed a comparable detection limit of single copy.