Physical fitness is one of the most important aspects to improve sports performance. However, currently extracurricular at school is that there is no clear planning, goals and objectives for conducting physical fitness tests. This study aims to compare the level of extracurricular physical fitness of basketball and futsal. This research method uses a quantitative approach through a survey where the researcher gives tests and measurements to basketball and futsal extracurricular students. The sampling technique used purposive sampling so that a sample of 40 students consisted of 20 extracurricular basketball students and 20 futsal students at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 1 Pontianak. The research instrument is the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (TKJI) aged 13-15 years. The research was conducted on 19-25 February 2021. Data analysis used descriptive percentage, assisted by using Microsoft Excel software application. The results of the physical fitness test showed an average difference of 2.5, so there was a significant difference between basketball extracurricular students and futsal extracurricular students. This needs to be considered and taken into account by coaches and sports teachers in providing training programs to students. Based on the results of this study, it can be interpreted that basketball extracurricular has a good contribution compared to futsal extracurricular for students' physical fitness.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kebugaran jasmani pada siswa ekstrakulikuler futsal. Penelitian desktiptif kuantitatif menggunakan metode survei. Dilakukannya tes dan pengukuran menggunakan instrumen sesuai dengan Tes Kebugaran Jasmani Indonesia (TKJI) usia 13-15 tahun untuk menentukan kebugaran jasmani siswa. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 20 siswa putra yang mengikuti ekstrakulikuler futsal di Madrasah Tssanawiyah Negeri 1 Pontianak. Data yang diperoleh dilapangan berupa hasil tes dan pengukuran kebugaran jasmani dengan TKJI. Selanjutnya data dianalisis dengan deskriptif persentase, perhitungan dibantu dengan menggunakan Software Microsoft Excel. Hasil penelitian terdapat 5 siswa kategori sedang dengan persentase 25%, 14 siswa kategori sedang dengan persentase 70% dan katagori kurang sekali 5% sebanyak 1 siswa. Kesimpulan tingkat kebugaran jasmani pada siswa ekstrakulikuler futsal masih rendah dan berada pada kategori kurang.

Teachers play a crucial role in disseminating knowledge in educational settings, typically adhering to a credulist-testimonial approach outlined in pedagogical literature. Consequently, students often acquire knowledge through this method, potentially leading to discrepancies between their conceptual understanding and the intended educational objectives. This study investigates the phenomenon of learning obstacles encountered by junior high school students, with a particular emphasis on mathematics education. It is part of a series of Didactical Design Research (DDR) projects aimed at developing effective instructional materials. Employing an interpretive paradigm within the DDR framework, the study adopts a qualitative approach utilizing hermeneutic phenomenology design. Various research tools such as diagnostic assessments, interview guidelines, observation sheets, and audio recordings are employed. Data analysis is conducted using the Constant Comparative Method (CCM). The findings highlight ontogenic, didactic, and epistemological obstacles students face, stemming from factors such as a lack of interest in mathematics, ineffective material presentation, and misconceptions regarding set concepts. These results underscore the importance of educators employing effective teaching strategies to help students overcome these obstacles and succeed in their mathematics education.

Background and Study Aim. Maintaining physical fitness is essential to perform daily tasks with the required level of efficiency. By being physically fit to design an ideal training plan. This study aims to determine the profile and differences in the level of physical fitness in futsal extracurricular students in urban and rural environments. Materials and Methods. The method in this study used a quantitative approach through surveys with researchers providing a physical test and measurement (TKJI) for 13-15 year old to futsal extracurricular students. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 11 Pontianak City and SMP Negeri 3 Sukadana, Kayong Utara Regency. Purposive sampling technique in determining the sample so that 40 students were sampled. To see the difference through the normality prerequisite test stage, homogeneity test and t test. Data analysis was assisted by using the SPSS Version 26 application. Results. According to the study findings, the average physical fitness score of futsal extracurriculars in urban areas was 12.50, while the average in rural environments was 15.15. Furthermore, a significant difference between urban and rural extracurricular futsal contexts is shown by a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. Conclusions. This finding supports the hypothesis that the level of physical fitness necessary for extracurricular futsal varies significantly between urban and rural areas. This study provides evidence that futsal extracurricular students in rural areas have better physical fitness than students in urban areas. These findings can be a reference for sports practitioners to be able to develop exercise programs to improve the physical fitness of children aged 13-15 years, especially for playing futsal.

Background and Study Aim. Physical fitness is an important indicator of the current and future health status of college students. But in reality, there are still many issues with poor physical fitness. Therefore, this study aims to determine and examine how internalizing an active lifestyle through physical literacy awareness based on project-based learning can improve physical fitness. Materials and Methods. This research uses the experimental method of the times-series type (equivalent times-series design). The population as well as the research sample were all physical education students of Lambung Mangkurat University, even in the 2022–2023 semester of programming physical literacy courses, totaling 140 people. The research sample was divided into three classes: 1) class A-1, numbered 48; 2) class A-2, numbered 45; and 3) class A-3, numbered 47. The three classes received intervention in lectures in the form of internalizing an active lifestyle through project-based learning and physical literacy awareness. The data collection instrument in this study was the TKPN (Student Fitness Test Nusantara) test in 2022. Data analysis using the SPSS version 26 application. Results. The results showed that there was an increase in physical fitness after treatment. The results can be seen from the mean value of test 3 which is 3.376 greater than the value of test 1 which is 2.936 and in test 2 the mean value is 3.051. Next, the results of further tests using the Tukey test show a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, so there is no significant difference between test 1 and test 2. Conclusions. The results of the study provide information that internalizing an active lifestyle through project-based learning and physical literacy awareness can improve physical fitness. So that these results can be utilized and applied in physical education, especially to maintain physical fitness. Keywords: Physical fitness, active lifestyle, physical literacy, project-based learning

Background and purpose of the study. The relevance of motor skills for every student since they have benefits and affect the overall development of kids. Several studies have offered data on learning and developing motor abilities in youngsters. The game model's information is extensively created and utilized as a reference to enhance gross motor abilities. As a result, the purpose of this study is to conduct a review of the scientific literature in Indonesia on the stimulation of motor skills in early childhood and primary school students through learning using game models. The Harzing Publish or Perish tool was utilized for the search in this study. A database (Scopus) was utilized to find publications on motor skill development through play-based learning. The search was carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. Only five items remained after the exclusion criteria were applied. The findings indicate that the research methods employed in cooperative learning research in Indonesia are various, including quantitative, mixed research (quantitative and qualitative), and development. On average, measuring equipment was utilized to collect data for the study. According to the findings of this review, in the first group, traditional play-based children's learning is capable of optimizing kindergarten children's basic motor development, with a track record of implementing the concept/theoretical basis, activity stages, social systems, reaction principles, support systems, and impact models, and increasing students' basic skills for high motor skills. In the second category, learning structured in the form of games may stimulate children's fine motor and cognitive abilities, as well as strengthen fundamental motor skills and build gross motor skills for use in the learning process. Some shortcomings in the review have been identified, and it is important to continue this study internationally with a literature review or mapping study (bibliometric and scientometric), as well as to conduct research on the use of the game model and its impact. Keywords: Motor skills, play model, early childhood, elementary school