Background: Today, cancer is the leading cause of death. It appears that using large amounts of natural resources reduces the damaging consequences of cancer therapy. Over the last decade, phytoconstituents in food have shown potential as anticancer agents. Cinnamaldehyde and its congeners have shown their ability to act against several cancers. Objective: This article’s purpose is to examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms that entail cinnamaldehyde’s potential for use in the treatment and prevention of cancer. Methods: The anticancer effects of cinnamaldehydes were researched by searching a variety of academic databases (such as Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, and Google scholar) in accordance with a predetermined set of criteria. Results: Studies were conducted in order to investigate the mechanism(s) by which cinnamaldehyde causes cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. Additionally, research has shown that cinnamaldehydes have an effect that inhibits the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. This class of compounds was investigated for their possible application in the treatment of cancers, such as leukaemia, colon, hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate, mouth, and breast cancers. Conclusion: According to an in-depth examination of the relevant published research, cinnamaldehyde and its analogs demonstrate several signalling pathways that are effective against cancers. This review provides a summary of recent research on cinnamaldehyde and its congeners as potential candidates for anticancer drugs.

Isatin is an endogenous and a significant category of fused heterocyclic components and has widely been a part of several potential biologically useful synthetics. Since its discovery, tons of research work has been conducted with respect to the synthesis, chemical properties, and biological and industrial applications. It contains an indole nucleus having both lactam and keto moiety, which, while being a part of a molecular framework, exerted several biological effects, viz.; anti-microbial, anti-tubercular, anticonvulsant, anti-cancer, etc. Isatin derivatives are synthetically significant substrates, which can be utilized for the synthesis of huge diversified chemical entities of which few members emerged as drugs. The reason for this review is to provide extensive information pertaining to the chemistry and its significance in altering several pathological states of isatin and its derivatives. A Structure-Activity Relationship study thus developed through a gamut of scientific information indicates the importance of mostly electron-withdrawing groups, halogens, nitro, alkoxy, and, to a minor extent, groups with positive inductive effects, such as methyl at position 1, 5, 6 and 7 of isatin in alleviating several clinical conditions. It is also observed from the survey that the presence of two oxo groups at positions 2 and 3 sometimes becomes insignificant as a fusion with a heterocycle at these positions resulted in a biologically relevant compound.

Metal based therapy is no new in biomedical research. In early days, the biggest limitation was the inequality among therapeutical and toxicological dosages. Ever since, Barnett Rosenberg discovered cisplatin, a new era has begun to treat cancer with metal complexes. Platinum complexes such as oxaliplatin, cisplatin, and carboplatin, seem to be the foundation of metal/s-based components to challenge malignancies. With advancement in the biomolemoecular mechanism, researchers have started developing non-classical platinum-based complexes, where a different mechanistic approach of the complexes is observed towards the biomolecular target. Till date, larger numbers of metal/s-based complexes were synthesized by overhauling the present structures chemically by substituting the ligand or preparing the whole novel component with improved cytotoxic and safety profiles. Howsoever, due to elevated accentuation upon the therapeutic importance of metal/s-based components, a couple of those agents are at present in clinical trials and several other are in anticipating regulatory endorsement to enter the trial. This literature highlights the detailed heterometallic multinuclear components, primarily focusing on platinum, ruthenium, gold and remarks on possible stability, synergism, mechanistic studies and structure activity relationships.

Background: The second leading cause of mortality in the world, behind cardiovascular disorders, is cancer. The currently employed treatment options including radiotherapy, chemotherapy are reported with many adverse reactions. These limitations in combination with high cost of therapy have restricted the management of malignancy. In this review, several nanocarriers-based approaches were described as effective treatment option of malignancy. The main body of the The development of innovative and effective targeted therapies for malignancy relies on alterations in the molecular biology of cancerous cells. Given the nonselective destruction of healthy cells, the harmful effects of existing chemotherapy drugs, and the development of multidrug resistance, has thrived the development of novel carriers for improved targeting efficacy of anticancer drugs. The present study offers a comprehensive account of diverse cytotoxic drug carriers, such as carbon nanotubes, liposomes, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, and polymeric conjugates, in the context of passive and active targeted cancer therapy. The carriers are known to enhance the permeability and retention or functionalize the surface, thereby improving the efficacy of drug delivery. Short conclusion: The present literature delineates the progressions made in the nanoengineered approach for administering therapeutic agents to the tumour micro-environment. Graphical