Climate change has remained a major problem around which global development policies are framed. The effects of climate change are rising tremendously and are more evident in Africa with low adaptive capacity to the impacts of climate change and where climate change has led to drought and desertification with consequences for safety and security in the region. Although the connection between climate change and conflicts is well studied, there is little research on the geopolitical contribution of climate change to conflicts. Using a dominant qualitative approach based on secondary data and eco-violence theory, this study examines how geopolitics affects climate change-induced conflicts and displacement in West Africa. Drawing largely from Nigeria and Mali, the study argues that, despite the destructive effects of anthropogenic activities created by insufficient competing areas for livelihood and subsistence resources, the implementation of climate resolution among countries and regions of the world has remained obscure. The repercussions of the geopolitics of climate change are the insurgencies and cattle herders’ unrest in Africa, especially the West African region.

Drainage basin morphometric information is very important in any undertaking to control incidence of flooding in an area. In the present study, morphometrc analysis using remote sensing and GIS techniques have been carried out to examine the flood potentials of the Mayogwoi river basin. The Mayogwoi basin is a small basin. The pattern of this basin is dendritic. The values of bifurcation ratio (2.45), circularity ratio (0.64), elongation ratio (0.66) and form factor (0.35) indicates that the basin is moderately circular and somewhat elongated. The length of overland flow of the basin is 1.25, indicating matured topography and low surface runoff in the study area. The low drainage density (0.4 km/km²) and low stream frequency (0.11) is indicative of low relief, low surface flow, high infiltration and consequently low flood potentials of the basin. The basin has a low relief ratio (0.074) and low relative relief (2.38) indicating low relief and gentle slope. The result of the findings also shows that the basin has a short basin length of 32.2 km indicative of higher chances of the basin been flooded after heavy rainfall of short duration. Consequently, the result shows that there will hardly be enough water supplies to support large scale water resource development prospects particularly irrigation and hydropower project in the basin except with intensive development of land and water resources of the basin. Thus, high intensity of rainfall is required for the generation of flash flood in the drainage basin because of its relatively small basin size. The morphometric parameters of the basin therefore suggest low to moderate flash floods chances and high potential of groundwater aquifers recharge. Thus, heavy rainfall is the most important flash flood - causing factor, followed by morphometric characteristics and land uses in the basin.

Climatic maps have been very difficult to generate in Nigeria, not because of lack of knowledge or expertise, but due to dearth of climatic data. Most of the existing climatic maps are either not reliable or too generalized since Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) climatic data which is the only reliable climatic data are available only in the state capitals and which were often used to generate climatic maps. In this study, DivaGIS, WorldClim, NASA Power Project and globalweather climatic data of rainfall, temperature, relative humidity and solar radiation were used to generate the spatial patterns, trends and seasonal pattern of each of the aforementioned climatic elements in Taraba State Central District; comprising Bali, Gassol, Gashaka, Gembu, Kurmi and Sardauna LGAs. The results were presented in charts and using the bar chart and the kringing tools of Microsoft Excel package and ArcGIS 10.5 software respectively. Spatial pattern of rainfall of the area revealed that the rainfall pattern are influenced by relief and latitudes as Sardauna which is on the plateau in the South has more rains than Gassol in the North. Mountainous and highland areas were also found to have higher rainfall than the immediate environment. Trends in rainfall was decreasing in Bali, Gashaka and Sardauna LGAs. Rainfall is high from June to September when minimum of 200 mm monthly rainfall are received in all the five LGAs. The spatial pattern of temperature is inversely related to that of rainfall, while trends in temperature is increasing in all the LGAs. Relative humidity has similar spatial/seasonal patterns with that of rainfall, but showing decreasing trends in all the LGAs except Kurmi LGA. The spatial pattern of solar radiation was found to be affected by the aspects of the area as Kurmi LGA at the western side recorded highest amount of solar radiation. The pattern of solar radiation in the study area is seasonal because solar radiation is low (less than 20 mj/m²) in all the LGAs except Kurmi during the rainy season (June – October). It was recommended that ground station climatic data which covers larger areas than in-situ climatic data that are only available in State capitals should be encouraged among the climate analysts to alleviate the problems associated with dearth in in-situ climatic data.

National parks have been established in Nigeria to protect, preserve, conserve and manage representative samples of indigenous flora and fauna. This is intended to among other reasons promote ecotourism development in the country. Gashaka Gumti National Park (GGNP) is one of the National parks in Nigeria (the largest in the country) located in the northeast part of the country. This study examined the ecotourism potentials of GGNP. Field observation, interview and questionnaires were used to elicit information from the staff of (GGNP), tourist and enclave communities within the park. Findings from the study show that in past decade (between 2005 – 2015), the park received 6,713 local and 612 international tourists. 33% of the international tourists were from Britain. 269 people (35 indigene and 28 non-indigene) were directly employed by GGNP. About ₦44m ($144,000) was generated as revenue in the park within this period. The comparatively low patronage to the park by both local and international tourists is attributable to the remote location and poor accessibility within the park. The study findings revealed that the huge ecotourism potentials of the park are under-utilized at the moment. Some of the challenges include poor funding, lack of adequate publicity, inadequate infrastructure and recreational facility and activities of poachers. The study recommends improvements in road network to and within the Park and stiffer sanctions to curb poaching.