Malignant tumors represent an important cause of mortality within the global population. Tumor angiogenesis, recognized as one of the key hallmarks of malignant tumors, is crucial for supplying essential nutrients and oxygen for tumor growth. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR) are key drivers of tumor angiogenesis. Targeted therapeutic interventions not only effectively inhibit tumor growth by specifically blocking tumor angiogenesis but have also made breakthroughs in the treatment of malignant tumors. Fruquintinib, an anti-angiogenic small molecule drug developed independently in China, functions as a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor with high selectivity. It effectively curtails tumor growth by binding to and inhibiting VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3. Additionally, fruquintinib offers several advantages including minimal off-target toxicity, robust resistance profiles, and commendable efficacy. This agent can be used alone or in combination with other treatments. It has shown high effectiveness and survival benefits across various malignant tumors such as colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, and other malignant tumors. Therefore, this article conducts a systematic review encompassing the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety profile of fruquintinib. Through this review, we aimed to offer a reference for the clinical application and subsequent development of fruquintinib.

Purpose. To explore the active compounds of the Chinese medicine prescriptions of Bushen Hugu Decoction (BHD) and demonstrate its mechanisms against malignant tumor bone metastasis (BM) through network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis.Methods. The main components and targets of BHD were retrieved from the TCMSP database, and the targets were normalized by UniProt. The Herbs‐Components‐Targets network of BHD was established by Cytoscape. The main BM targets were obtained from GeneCards, TTD, DrugBank, and OMIM. STRING and Cytoscape were used to construct a PPI network and obtain hub genes. DAVID and Metascape were used for GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. According to the network topology parameters, the top 4 components were selected for molecular docking verification with the core targets. Results. Compound–target network of BHD mainly contained 51 compounds and 259 corresponding targets including 107 BHD‐BM targets. PPI interaction network and subnetworks identified ten hub genes. GO enrichment analysis found 1970 terms (p < 0.05), and 164 signaling pathways (p < 0.05) were found in KEGG, including PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway, proteoglycans in cancer, prostate cancer, MAPK signaling pathway, and IL‐17 signaling pathway. Molecular docking analysis showed that the active components of BHD, quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, and aureusidin have good binding activity to the core targets. Conclusion. The potential molecular target and signaling pathways were found for BHD major active components. It provides guidance for the future mechanism research of the BHD in malignant tumor bone metastasis. This study also established the foundation for the new strategy for the pharmacology study of Chinese medicine.

Objective: This study systematically reviews the current application of digital health interventions in cancer patients, clarifies their implementation characteristics and intervention effects in managing economic toxicity, and provides a reference for intervention programs to reduce the economic toxicity of patients. Methods: Relevant studies were systematically retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, CNKI, CBM, WanFang Database, and VIP Database from their inception to February 6, 2026. Data from the included literature were extracted and analyzed. Results: A total of 22 studies were included. Digital health technologies are applicable to multiple stages of cancer patient diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. Among these, remote financial navigation or consultation is the most commonly used intervention method. Existing research has shown positive results in improving cost communication skills, facilitating financial assistance, and enhancing intervention feasibility, but evidence regarding improvements in economic toxicity scales and the alleviation of long-term financial difficulties exhibits some heterogeneity. Conclusion: Digital health technologies, with their high accessibility, scalability, and ease of remote access and follow-up, offer unique advantages in managing the economic toxicity of cancer patients. Current research in this field has gradually shifted from single-stage interventions to comprehensive intervention pathways. Future research should focus on the dynamic evolution of economic toxicity at different stages of diagnosis and treatment, promote the standardization of intervention procedures and outcome evaluations, and develop personalized digital intervention strategies to mitigate the economic toxicity of cancer patients. Systematic review registration: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/4DYN3 .

The convergence of nanotechnology and extracellular vesicle (EV) research gives rise to Chinese herbal medicine-derived nanovesicles (CHMDNVs) that may serve as promising candidates in cancer therapy. Composed of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and diverse bioactive constituents, CHMDNVs can be isolated through various techniques; however, standardized protocols for their preparation remain to be established. CHMDNVs exhibit a favorable safety profile, with low toxicity, along with excellent stability and biocompatibility. Notably, their anticancer properties and tissue-specific targeting capabilities enable them to function both as intrinsic therapeutic agents, and as natural nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery. This review provides a comprehensive overview of results in this research field, including molecular composition, extraction and purification methods, therapeutic advantages, and preclinical applications of CHMDNVs in oncology. Furthermore, it outlines the limitations in current research, and suggests directions toward the clinical translation in the future.