Objectives: The main objective of this study was to assess whether there are differences in the muscular and occlusal levels between wind players and the general population, in addition to assessing the different repercussions depending on the embouchure type. Material and Methods: Two cohorts were chosen: one of them comprised intermediate students related to the practice of a wind instrument (n = 39), and the other one, harmonized with the former, comprised secondary students that served as a control group (n = 19). Overjet, overbite, presence of lip abrasion and/or erosion, Angle’s molar class, Little’s irregularity index, dental abrasion, presence of labial herpes, presence of tooth sensitivity, and presence of articular noises muscle pain were evaluated. Results: Significant statistical differences between the groups were found regarding overjet, overcrowding of teeth, lower lip erosion, and dental abrasion, which was higher in musicians. Lastly, within the group of musicians, it was proven that tooth sensitivity was higher in the group of brass musicians. Conclusions: Wind instrument practice may be a risk factor for developing some orofacial involvement, and there are no differences among the various existing mouthpieces.

The diagnosis of transverse growth deficit of the maxilla in daily clinical practice is carried out mainly through the experience of a well-trained clinician, which implies a lack of objective criteria applicable in a protocolized manner. The objective of this study was to establish a mathematical method to diagnose maxillary compression in relation to the dimensions of the skull and mandible. Methods: Records of 97 cases with an overall mean age of 9.8 ± 2.6 years were analyzed by three experienced orthodontists. The group of transverse compression was comprised of 62 cases and the control group of 35 cases. The main measurements of the widths were made on a frontal teleradiography of the skull (cranial, zygomatic, orbital, maxillary, bigonial and biantegonial width) and a lateral teleradiography of the skull (facial axis, mandibular plane, SNA, SNB, ANB and Wits). It was established that from the cranial width it is possible to predict the group to which each subject studied belongs—the compression group or the control group. A mathematical formula was obtained in the form of logistic regression that allows for the diagnosis of the presence of maxillary compression based on the cranial, maxillary and orbital widths with a sensitivity of 88.7% and a specificity of 77.1%.