Introduction: Scabies are a highly transmittable disease of the skin. It is caused by a specific mite named Sarcoptes scabiei. Individuals who are infected with scabies have a miserable life, and their quality of life is poor. It impacts the quality of life by causing physical discomfort due to itching. Not only does it lead to the mental distress of a diseased individual, but it also leads to social isolation due to the stigma associated with this condition. This systematic review highlights the profound effect of scabies on the lives of affected individuals and the recent breakthroughs in the management of scabies. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to shed light on the impact of scabies on the quality of life. We also discussed the advancements in the management of this disease, which impacts life physically and socially. Method: We included randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, and observational studies. Studies with full-text access were included. Case reports, letters, and systematic/narrative reviews were excluded from the search. 180 records were screened up to March 2024, of which 129 articles were from PubMed and 51 from Google Scholar. 22 articles were thoroughly screened by two different reviewers independently and included in the review. Studies were carried out with no restrictions on age or sex, including the pediatric and adult populations. Conclusion: Findings indicate a significant correlation between scabies and poor quality of life. Scabies most commonly affect children of lower socioeconomic status and in resource-limited settings. Scabies can lead to severe complications such as rheumatic heart disease, kidney diseases, and a variety of secondary bacterial infections; therefore, advances in treatment strategies are needed. Currently, permethrin and ivermectin have been used for treatment. Moxidectin, a new drug, is undergoing clinical trials to replace permethrin in regions with high resistance. The interventions need to be patient-centered, and new drugs need to be developed that have anti-parasitic actions and also lead to the prevention of secondary bacterial infections.

Introduction: Omega-3 fatty acids have for long been shown to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Omega-3 fatty acids mainly exist in the form of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid in fish oils. Cod liver oil is found to have a high concentration of these omega-3 fatty acids. This study aims to explore the benefits of using cod liver oil in reducing the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) among at-risk patients. Method: This open-label placebo-controlled two-arm interventional study was conducted in the internal medicine and cardiology unit of tertiary care hospital between January 2018 to January 2021. During this period, 870 patients at risk of CV events were enrolled in the study after obtaining informed consent. The study group received 415 mg cod liver oil daily, in addition to their current treatment, in a bottle without label and the control group received no additional treatment to their standard treatment. Patients were followed up for 12 months or till the development of MI. Result: Patients treated with cod liver oil had comparatively fewer incidences of MI; however, the difference was not significant (p-value: 0.09). Furthermore, the difference was non-significant for both fatal and non-fatal MI. The relative risk for total MI incidence was 0.70 (0.44-1.10). Conclusion: According to our study, adding cod liver oil to the diet does not play a major role in reducing the risk of MI. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand the role of cod liver oil in reducing the risk of CV events, including MI.

Background Cystic fibrosis is a multi-system autosomal recessive disorder with considerable mortality and morbidity associated with respiratory manifestations. Due to thick, viscous mucus production, which causes airway obstruction and subsequent respiratory infections, multiple drugs are being used to clear the secretions. Inhaled mannitol is one treatment regime that acts by increasing mucociliary clearance; however, its exact mechanism of action is unknown. Consequently, it has produced effective results in multiple studies. Aims To determine whether inhaled mannitol is efficacious and safe in treating cystic fibrosis. To assess and compare the therapeutic advantages and the adverse effects. Methods This systematic review followed the Cochrane Collaboration’s guidelines and the PRISMA format. Relevant literature was derived from databases like Medline, the Cochrane Central Register of RCTs, PubMed Central, and clinicaltrials.gov. Recent research conduction: February 29th, 2022. Selection criteria included all randomized control trials assessing diagnosed CF patients, evaluating the efficacy of inhaled mannitol, and comparing it with a placebo. The authors independently assessed studies for inclusion, carried out data extraction, and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies. Results A total of 6 RCTs were included, containing --- participants with diagnosed CF. The outcome measure was an increase in FEV1 after inhalation of dry mannitol. Additionally, it was also found to be associated with adverse events like cough (p-value <0.051, OD ratio 1.665), hemoptysis (p-value < 0.469, OD ratio 1.311), and chest discomfort. However, these symptoms were managed conservatively, and ultimately, the intervention proved tolerable. Conclusion Inhaled mannitol has been shown to improve pulmonary function and mucociliary clearance, relieving some of the symptoms of Cystic fibrosis. However, there is no evidence of improving the overall quality of life and general health. This review suggests that mannitol could be considered as a treatment for cystic fibrosis.

Background The bibliometric analysis provides a structured approach for providers and researchers to access clinically relevant information to improve patient care. Methods We used SCOPUS as our database and made a list of the top 50 most-cited articles from 2002 to 2022. Variables analyzed included citation count, annual citations, publication year, journal with impact factor, author details, country, institution, and funding. Results Citations for 50 articles varied from 67 to 919, with a median of 129 and an IQR of 210. Most of the articles (n = 34) were published between 2013 and 2018. The number of authors per article ranged from 3 to 18. Munir J.G. coauthored the most significant number of articles (n = 7). The top countries of origin for the articles were the UK (n = 15), the USA (n = 10), and Australia (n = 7). The dietary interventions discussed in our list included low FODMAP (n = 27), probiotics (n = 6), GFD (n = 4), an Ig4 exclusion diet (n = 3), and other interventions (n = 10). Female authors were the first authors in 30 articles and senior authors in 19 articles, compared to their male counterparts. Conclusions An analysis of the top 50 cited articles on nutritional interventions in IBS highlights interest and impact trends, aiding policymakers in funding decisions. The predominance of a low-FODMAP diet underscores the focus on efficacy, potentially guiding standardized dietary guidelines.

Thalassemia imposes a substantial and unequal global health burden, yet its temporal evolution stratified by sociodemographic development remains incompletely characterized using the most recent Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data. Using GBD 2023 data, we analyzed incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for thalassemia across five Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 1990 to 2023. Age-standardized rates and absolute counts were extracted from the IHME GBD Results Tool. Joinpoint regression was applied to identify statistically significant inflection points and calculate average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) and annual percentage changes (APCs) for each burden indicator across SDI strata. Age-standardized mortality and DALY rates declined significantly across all SDI groups, with the largest reductions in high SDI (AAPC: −4.12% and − 4.20%, respectively) and high-middle SDI regions (AAPC: −3.86% and − 3.93%). By contrast, low SDI regions experienced a 16% rise in absolute deaths and a 66% surge in absolute prevalence, reaching 321,005 cases by 2023. The low-middle SDI group was the only stratum with a statistically significant net increase in age-standardized incidence (AAPC: +0.12%). Joinpoint analysis revealed non-linear, multi-phase trajectories across all strata, with recent reversals in incidence and prevalence rates in low and low-middle SDI regions. By 2023, a nearly six-fold disparity in age-standardized death and DALY rates persisted between the highest and lowest SDI quintiles. Thalassemia burden has declined substantially in high-SDI settings, driven by advances in prevention, screening, and treatment. However, low and low-middle SDI regions continue to face rising absolute burdens and recent trend reversals, underscoring critical inequities in access to care. Targeted, equitable strategies including expanded premarital screening, strengthened blood supply systems, and health system investment are urgently needed to close the persistent SDI-linked gap in thalassemia outcomes.