Global challenges related to sustainable development are increasingly focusing on the use of digital twin technology as a universal tool for optimizing and monitoring renewable energy installations. This article discusses digital twin technology as a support for sustainable development based on the analysis of microgrid structures. Digital twins allow the creation of virtual models of physical systems. This capability facilitated the accurate replication of the microgrid model at Kielce University of Technology using ETAP (Electrical Transient Analyzer Program) software (version 22.5). The operational parameters of the microgrid structure were analyzed for the examined power range of the photovoltaic installation to determine the possibilities of expanding the existing installation. The impact of the photovoltaic installation’s power on the operational parameters of the microgrid structure was visualized, and final conclusions were formulated. Moreover, the integration of digital twin technology into renewable energy systems not only enhances operational efficiency but also plays a pivotal role in advancing sustainability objectives. Through real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance, digital twin technology facilitates the optimization of energy production and distribution, thereby reducing waste and contributing to the overall sustainability of energy systems. This technology enables the simulation of various scenarios, such as fluctuations in energy demand or the integration of new renewable sources, which can inform more sustainable decision-making processes. In the context of microgrids, digital twin technology ensures that energy production is closely aligned with consumption patterns, minimizing energy losses and enhancing grid resilience. Furthermore, digital twin technology supports the sustainable expansion of renewable installations by providing detailed insights into potential environmental impacts and the long-term sustainability of various energy configurations. As the demand for clean energy continues to grow, digital twin technology will be indispensable in achieving a balance between energy needs and environmental stewardship, ensuring that the expansion of renewable energy sources contributes positively to global sustainability objectives.

As global concerns about climate change and air quality intensify, nations are increasingly adopting sustainable transportation solutions, with electromobility emerging as a key alternative. This article examines the adoption of electric vehicles (EV) in Poland, a member state of the European Union (EU) historically reliant on fossil fuels, where the former government aimed to achieve one million electric vehicles by 2025, but is now seeing that it is failing to reach a number even close to this one. Using a mixed methods approach through a survey of academic representatives, the study investigates public perceptions, motivations, and challenges associated with the adoption of EVs in Central Europe. Key factors influencing consumer behaviour, such as government policies, infrastructure development, and societal readiness, are analysed to understand this transition's complexities. The findings reveal significant barriers, including range anxiety, inadequate charging infrastructure, and cost concerns, consistent with global research. However, the study also highlights that a lack of environmental consideration in car purchase decisions further impedes the transition to more sustainable powertrain options. By identifying the dynamics shaping the adoption of electric vehicles in Poland, this research aims to inform policymakers and stakeholders, highlighting tailored approaches to promote electromobility as a cornerstone of the country's environmental strategy and economic future. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on sustainable transportation in the EU, underscoring the potential of electromobility to enhance the environmental sustainability of Poland while navigating the challenges of transitioning from fossil fuel dependency.

As global concerns about climate change and air quality intensify, nations are increasingly adopting sustainable transportation solutions, with electromobility emerging as a key alternative. This study investigates the factors influencing powertrain technology choice and the barriers to electric vehicle (EV) adoption in Poland, focusing on insights from technically educated youth, early-career researchers, and academic professionals. Drawing on a mixed-methods approach, the study investigates public perceptions, motivations, and challenges associated with EV uptake in a country historically reliant on fossil fuels. Key drivers such as environmental considerations, government policies, and infrastructure development are evaluated alongside persistent obstacles, including high initial purchase costs, inadequate charging networks, range anxiety, and scepticism about battery performance. While the sample is not representative of the broader Polish population, it provides insights from a technically literate cohort likely to shape future technological and policy advancements. Our findings reveal that the adoption of EVs among this group is influenced by factors such as technological innovation and government policies, while barriers include high initial costs, limited charging infrastructure, and scepticism about perceived sustainability, battery life, and performance. The research also highlights the critical role of education and awareness in shaping attitudes toward EVs. This study, though limited by sample size and demographic focus, offers valuable contributions to understanding the early-stage adoption of EVs in Poland and serves as a foundation for future research targeting a more diverse population. The applied research model is scalable, providing a framework for broader studies that could include different age groups, geographical regions, and professional sectors.

This study investigates strategies regarding energy management in two selected manufacturing companies that focus on researching the load profile under the capacity market conditions. A case study of selected industrial plants is conducted to determine the adequate power and energy capacity of electrical energy storage systems to reduce load variability. The objective of this study is to manage industrial electricity demand by using energy storage to reduce the capacity fee, determined by the discrepancy between average energy consumption during peak and off-peak hours, and to improve the load profile in industrial facilities. The proposed approach combines high-resolution consumption data analysis with parametric evaluation of storage configurations. The impact of storage implementation is assessed by quantifying changes in peak and off-peak demand levels and the resulting capacity-related charges. The results indicate that properly sized energy storage systems effectively flatten load profiles and reduce capacity costs. The study provides practical insights into the integration of energy storage with industrial energy management and highlights its role in enhancing demand-side flexibility under capacity market mechanisms.