In Mobile Ad-hoc Networks, nodes exchange packets with each other using intermediate nodes as relays. Since nodes in MANETs are battery powered, energy conservation is a crucial issue. Accepting relay all request may not be in the best interest of a node. But if many nodes prefer not to consume energy in relaying packets on behalf of others, the overall performance of routing in network will be influenced. In this paper we address the energy-efficient routing problem in MANETs with selfish nodes. We modeled this problem as a game-theoretic constraint optimization; we defined the utility of each node as a weighted difference between a performance metric and some transmission costs. A motivate mechanism is proposed in order to induce nodes to forwarding cooperation. Each node independently implements the optimal equilibrium strategy under the given constraints. Simulation results by NS3 simulator show that our proposed approach can improve system performance in network lifetime and packet delivery ratio.

The increasing use of connected devices in medical laboratories generates diverse Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) settings whose real network architecture is not yet well understood. Therefore, in this multicentric in situ evaluation of IoMT topologies in eight fertility and andrology laboratories in Morocco (n=5 for assisted reproductive technology (ART); n=3 for andrology), our main objective is to classify the topology for each laboratory based on the biosensitive sample (gametes and embryos) analysis site, with topology reconstruction. The topology classification and centrality analyses included degree, density, betweenness, and closeness. Networks consisted of 14–34 nodes and 13–33 edges with densities of 0.06–0.14. Despite the large disparities in network scale, technology, and architecture, all eight networks fulfilled (E=N-1), suggesting a common sparse tree-like backbone at the core of star-centric and hybrid star-cellular architectures. Centrality profiles revealed significant site-specific organization, with maximum degree centrality from 37% to 82% and maximum betweenness from 71% to 99%, indicating highly centralized networks and structural bottlenecks. These results provide an empirical baseline for future optimization scenarios in ART and andrology laboratories with IoMT, considering the risk of electromagnetic interference linked to sensitive biological samples and the maintenance of equipment.