In this paper, a tool for the long-term (LT) planning, i.e., up to 20 years, of industrial microgrids (IMGs) connected to the distribution network and made of industrial consumers, prosumers, and of the distribution system operator (DSO), is proposed. The DSO assumes here the new role of microgrid energy manager. In order to realize the proper choice of LT investments (e.g., in renewable energy system and energy storage system), a short-term (ST) energy management is performed each day of the planning period. For that purpose, a new system of daily operation including industrial load management and allowing peer-to-microgrid as well as external energy exchanges is implemented. The LT investments and ST operational decisions are coupled via two game theoretical frameworks, which also allow the modeling of the different, even conflicting, objectives of the stakeholders. Different LT and ST pricing schemes are also considered in order to provide general advices concerning the creation of new IMGs. The developed tool is tested on a virtual IMG and the technical and economical outputs are presented.

This paper proposes a two-stage auction-based local market mechanism to allocate physical storage rights (PSRs). As a market product, PSRs are provided by a storage owner and enable the local market participants (including renewable producers, consumers and prosumers) to access the storage. That is, they can book storage in the form of PSRs and dispatch it at a given time aiming to maximize their utility function. The business options we examine to evaluate the position of storage in the market range from storage owner entirely participating in day-ahead (DA) and real-time (RT) markets as an inter-temporal arbitrager, to exclusively acting as a PSR provider in DA only -- this way, the storage owner is fully paid upfront in DA. Considering the context above, we propose an equilibrium model where each player optimizes its operational objective. We prove that the equilibrium model can be substituted with an equivalent optimization formulation which clears the proposed market ensuring the same desirable market properties, such as efficiency and revenue adequacy. Results suggest that the certain revenues earned by the storage owner in DA when acting as a PSR provider is equal to its expected profit as a regular market participant, mitigating however its payoff uncertainty and resulting in the same economic return.

Classical numerical algorithms such as Runge–Kutta and trapezoidal methods are the most generally accepted techniques for the FEM solution of the nonlinear eddy-current problem in the time domain. To account for the nonlinearity, a new linear system is solved at each time step, which is not favourable with regard to the computation costs. The authors deal with a new solution method which is based on the transmission-line modelling (TLM) technique used for electric circuit analysis. The underlying idea is the analogy that exists between a finite element matrix and the node-admittance matrix of an equivalent network. An iterative scheme emerges in which the nonlinearity appears as a source term on the right-hand side of the linear system so that the stiffness matrix remains unchanged at all iterations. In that manner, substantial reduction in computation time is obtained. As an example, a nonlinear eddy-current problem is treated, and a comparison with the classical Crank–Nicholson technique shows the efficiency of the method.

This study deals with the long-term planning of industrial microgrids (MGs) in order to decrease the electricity bill (compared with the current situation) for participating companies. In such industrial MGs, the distribution system operator, the industrial estate operator and prosumers' objectives, which can be conflicting, need to be taken into account at the same time. The planning problem is formulated as a multi-agent and multi-objective problem which is solved by computing a Nash equilibrium of an extensive game from game theory. Different time horizons of the decision process are taken into account. In this study, the planning tool principle is presented and some applications are provided.