Background: The aim of this study was to relate adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in an elderly population from the north of Spain. Methods: We carried out an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study involving 556 non-institutionalised individuals aged 65 to 79 years. The MEDAS-14 questionnaire score was used to define the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The diagnosis of MetS was conducted using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Results: In 264 subjects with an average age of 71.9 (SD: ±4.2), 39% of whom were men, 36.4% had good adherence (score ≥ 9 in MEDAS-14), with no differences by gender or age. The prevalence of MetS was 40.2%, with 47.6% in men and 35.4% in women (p < 0.05). The prevalence of MetS was 2.4 times more frequent among individuals who consumed less than two servings (200 g) of vegetables daily compared with those who consumed two or more servings of vegetables daily (OR: 2.368, 95%CI: 1.141–4.916, p = 0.021). Low adherence to the MedDiet (MEDAS-14 score ≤ 8) was associated with an 82% higher prevalence of MetS (OR: 1.817, 95%CI: 1.072–3.081, p = 0.027). Conclusion: An inverse relationship was established between adherence to the MedDiet and the prevalence of MetS.

Fundamentos: Una alta proporción de quienes solicitan ayuda para dejar de fumar padecen trastornos psiquiátricos. El objetivo del trabajo es conocer si las intervenciones grupales recomendadas para la atención de personas fumadoras son efectivas en pacientes con antecedentes de patología psiquiátrica y si ello supone un factor pronóstico negativo. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo longitudinal con un año de seguimiento. Se evaluaron los grupos de deshabituación realizados en atención primaria durante el período 2006-11, incluyendo a 267 fumadores, 97 de ellos con antecedentes personales de patología psiquiátrica. Se realizaron cinco sesiones presenciales de 90 minutos (hasta 6ª semana abstinencia) y seguimiento telefónico posterior de 12 meses. La abstinencia fue comprobada por cooximetría en las sesiones presenciales y auto-declarada posteriormente. Análisis estadístico: descripción de variables cualitativas y cuantitativas, análisis comparativo de las mismas entre los dos grupos y regresión logística binaria según cesación. Resultados: La tasa de abstinencia continua declarada al año fue 39,7%, en mujeres del 43,1% y en hombres 35,1%; p: 0,18). Las personas fumadoras sin historia psiquiátrica presentaron tasas de abstinencia del 42,9% y las que sí la tenían del 34,0% (p: 0,16). No hubo interacción entre las variables sexo y patología psiquiátrica. Quienes presentaban antecedentes psiquiátricos recayeron en las 6 primeras semanas tras la abstinencia en el 23,7% y quienes no los tenían:10,6% [(p:0,019; OR:1,90 [LC95%:1,08-3,36)]; a partir de entonces las tasas de recaída fueron similares recayendo el 44,1% y un 42,5%, respectivamente (p>0,8). Conclusiones: Las personas con patología psiquiátrica asociada o previa parecen encontrar más dificultades para dejar de fumar pero la intervención es efectiva en ambos grupos.

To analyze the effectiveness of a multicomponent treatment for smoking cessation carried out in primary care and to evaluate the evolution of the consumption of tobacco that the people who participated had, more than 5 years after the end of the treatment. Longitudinal study of 307 participants in a multicomponent program in group format of tobacco cessation. Santander (Spain) Primary Care Health Center. Smokers from the basic health zone who wanted to quit smoking between 2006 and 2012 and requested help. Multicomponent treatment of 5face-to-face sessions and follow-up for up to 12 months. The activity was evaluated in 263 participants more than 5years after the end of treatment. The results of continuous and punctual withdrawal were obtained by self-declaration and the data recorded in the medical record. The punctual was also validated with co-oximetry. After a year 42.7% of participants declared continuous abstinence. From 5 to 12 years later, the continuous declared abstinence further than 12 months was 40.7%. They did not smoke again since the end of the treatment 66 people; 68.0% of those who relapsed made new attempts and 45.5% of them requested help to quit smoking. The proposed multi-component treatment is effective. Abstinence at 12 months predicts long-term maintenance and participating in disabling groups favors further attempts in case of relapse and the request for help to quit smoking.